Wk 3 Urologic Cancers Flashcards
Less than 5% of cancers are __ cancers
kidney
Of all kidney cancers, 85% are what type?
renal cell carcinomas
What is the number 1 risk factor for kidney cancer?
Smoking
What is the number 2 risk factor for kidney cancer?
Obesity
What are three other risk factors for kidney cancer?
Increased age
Male
Genetics
What is the prognosis if metastasized?
5 year survival rate is 10%
What is the problem with kidney cancers?
They are typically not diagnosed until they have metastasized
There are no __ __ with renal cell carcinoma
early manifestations
What are three late manifestations of renal cell carcinoma?
CVA (costovertebral angle) tenderness
Hematuria
Palpable abdominal mass
What rib forms the CV angle?
12th rib in the spine
If the renal cell carcinoma has metastasized to the lungs or bone, what symptoms might they experience?
Dsypnea, coughing, bone pain
Renal cell carcinoma is typically resistant to __
chemotherapy
What is often the treatment for renal cell carcinoma?
Surgery to remove affected kidney
What is the fourth most common cancer in men?
Bladder cancer
90% of bladder cancers are __ __
urothelial carcinoma (lining of the bladder)
What is the number 1 risk factor for bladder cancer?
Smoking
What are three other risk factors for bladder cancer?
Male
Occupations with exposure to toxins
Low fluid intake
How does occupation and low fluid intake influence bladder cancer?
Toxins travel to bladder to be excreted and sit there
Early manifestation of bladder cancer
hematuria on UA
Late manifestations of bladder cancer (3)
Polyuria
Overactive bladder/urgency
Dysuria
Is chemotherapy effective for bladder cancer?
Depends on the stae
What is the treatment for stage 1 bladder cancer?
Intravesical chemotherapy
What is the treatment for advanced stages of bladder cancer?
Systemic chemotherapy
What is intravesical therapy for bladder cancer?
live BCG vaccine
How is the BCG vaccine given?
Weekly for 6-12 weeks
What is the MOA of the BCG vaccine?
Stimulates local inflammatory response
What are adverse effects of the BCG vaccine?
Bladder irritation (UTI symptoms) Risk of systemic infection
What are the patient instructions for BCG vaccine administration?
1) Empty bladder
2) Let vaccine dwell for 2 hours in bladder
3) Turn q 15 mins so vaccine will touch all parts of the bladder
What are safety precautions for the BCG vaccine?
Because it is a live vaccine don’t give to someone with an already compromised immune system, such as HIV
Disinfect urine 6 hours after treatment
What do we use to disinfection urine?
Bleach
