wk 14, lec 3 Flashcards
where are androgens made in men and women
men- testes
women- adrenal glands and ovaries
androgens (2)
testosterone
DHT
testosterone –> DHT via
5 alpha reductase
androgens in women role
libido, bone density, ovarian function
testosterone impacts in men
bone mineral density
lower body fat
anabolic; increase muscle
erythropoietin production
suppresses clotting factors
low HDL cholesterol
hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis
GnRH from hypothalamus
LH and FSH in anterior pituitary
testosterone in testes leydig cells
high testosterone inhibits GnRH, low T stimulates GnRH and LH
testosterone syntheissi
leydgid cells stimulated by LH
LH triggers conversion of cholesterol into testosterone via SCC enzyme (P450)
go into bloodstream to target tissues
T into DHT via 5 alpha reductase in skin, prostate, hair
turn cholesterol into testosterone in leydig cells
side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc)
genetic and endocrine disorders affecting androgen levels
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), PCOS
diet impacting androgens
protein, fat, zinc, vitamin D
primary androgen deficiency
- testicular disorders: hypogonadism, orchitis (inflamed testes from infection)
-genetic syndromes: Klinefelter syndrome (extra X chromosome; reduce T)
-testicular trauma or injury
primary vs secondary androgen deficiency
primary- level of testes, genes
secondary- level of hypothalamus or anterior pituitary, meds, other illnesses
secondary androgen deficinecy causes
-hypothalmic pituitary dysfunction (i..e tumors, radiation, impact GnRH, LH, FSH)
-medications and drugs: corticosteroids, opioids, chemo
-chronic illnesses: diabetes, chronic kidney disease
obesity and testeosterone
adipose tissue turn T into estrogen
insulin resistnace impacts HPG axis
environmental and testosterone
pesticides, plastics BPA
impacts of low T
bone loss, memory and cognitive decline, bad concentration
increase CVD risk; atherosclerosis, hypertension
dyslipidemia: (Androgen deficiency is associated with unfavorable changes in lipid metabolism, including elevated levels of LDL and triglycerides, and decreased levels of HDL)
insulin resistnace and diabetes
primary vs secondary hypogonad labs
low T and high or normal LH and FSH = primary hypogonad
low T and low LH and FSH then secondary hypogonadism
