quiz 4 Flashcards
Which of the following cytokines is the most likely to be elevated in the nasal mucosa of someone with allergic rhinitis?
Question 1 Answer
a.
IL-12
b.
IL-17
c.
IL-22
d.
IL-13
d.
IL-13
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (AKA diffuse alveolar damage), at what stage do hyaline membranes start to form?
Question 2 Answer
a.
Exudative stage
b.
Proliferation stage
c.
Fibrotic stage
d.
Epithelial stage
a.
Exudative stage
Which of the following clinical features or investigations are the most useful in establishing a diagnosis in a chronic restrictive lung disease?
Question 3 Answer
a.
Dry non-productive cough
b.
Clubbing of fingers
c.
Enlarged spleen
d.
Lung biopsy
d.
Lung biopsy
Which of the following spirometry findings is most consistent with a restrictive lung disease?
Question 4 Answer
a.
Increased FEV1
b.
Increased FVC
c.
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio
d.
Increased lung capacity
c.
Normal FEV1/FVC ratio
Which of the following is the HALLMARK of asthma?
Question 5 Answer
a.
Airway restriction
b.
Airway constriction
c.
Airway hyper-responsiveness
d.
Airway mucous
c.
Airway hyper-responsiveness
Allergic/atopic asthma is often driven by a Type II inflammatory process, which usually involves a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Which of the following cytokines or signals is most characteristic of a Type II inflammatory process?
Question 6 Answer
a.
IL-5
b.
IL-17
c.
IL-6
d.
TNF-alpha
a.
IL-5
A 5-year-old girl with a fever and difficulty breathing is brought in by her father. She is anxious and you can clearly see that her accessory muscles of respiration are engaged. As you speak to her you notice that she has a muffled voice, and she states that it is very painful to swallow - the patient is drooling because she is avoiding swallowing. On physical exam you note tachypnea and a clear inspiratory wheeze (stridor).
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 7 Answer
a.
Severe laryngitis
b.
Epiglottitis
c.
Acute tracheobronchitis
d.
Tracheoesophageal fistula
b.
Epiglottitis
Nasal polyps commonly occur in those with chronic rhinosinusitis. Which of the following descriptions best applies to the histological appearance of a nasal polyp?
Question 8 Answer
a.
A preponderance of granulomas with giant cell formation - these granulomas obstruct the neck of nasal mucous glands leading to their blockage and swelling.
b.
Lots of plasma cells, other lymphocytes, eosinophils, and a stroma with plentiful mucous-secreting glands.
c.
Lots of macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts that are found within an abundance of a matrix rich in Type IV collagen
d.
Anaplastic fibroblasts and mucoid epithelial cells that form a well-differentiated adenoma with limited to no lymphocytic infiltrate.
b.
Lots of plasma cells, other lymphocytes, eosinophils, and a stroma with plentiful mucous-secreting glands.
A patient presents to your office with a history of what you suspect is vasomotor rhinitis. His nasal discharge and irritation seems to be triggered by a particular part of his diet. Which of the following foods/beverages are most often associated with vasomotor rhinitis?
Question 9 Answer
a.
Soy products
b.
Dairy products
c.
Spicy foods
d.
Gluten
c.
Spicy foods
