Quiz 6 Flashcards
A person develops a lung cancer, and the tumour grows to obstruct a tertiary bronchus. The trapped air is removed by the bloodstream, and the lung distal to the obstruction collapses. What type of atelectasis is this?
Question 1 Answer
a.
Restrictive atelectasis
b.
Compressive atelectasis
c.
Obstructive atelectasis
d.
Resorption atelectasis
d.
Resorption atelectasis
Choose the microbe that is associated most often with bacterial cystitis.
Question 2 Answer
a.
Proteus mirabilis
b.
Staphylococcus aureus
c.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
d.
Streptococcus pyogenes
a.
Proteus mirabilis
Choose the risk factor that is most commonly associated with the development of bladder cancer.
Question 3 Answer
a.
Smoking
b.
Low consumption of bioflavanoids
c.
Chronic UTIs
d.
Organophosphate pesticides
a.
Smoking
Choose the TRUE statement about the genetics of influenza A.
Question 4 Answer
a.
Antigenic drift is associated with better antibody responses in the host
b.
Influenza A has a positive sense RNA genome
c.
Antigenic shift is the major reason why influenza A causes pandemics as well as outbreaks
d.
Influenza A commonly exhibits antigenic shift, but rarely exhibits antigenic drift
c.
Antigenic shift is the major reason why influenza A causes pandemics as well as outbreaks
Choose the TRUE statement regarding the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2.
Question 5 Answer
a.
About 50% of patients have moderate to severe respiratory distress, including pneumonia development
b.
Infected patients can be hypoxic but have limited dyspnea
c.
Only 5% of patients that are infected remain asymptomatic
d.
Symptoms are limited exclusively to the upper or lower respiratory tract early in the illness
b.
Infected patients can be hypoxic but have limited dyspnea
How is detrusor muscle contraction stimulated?
Question 6 Answer
a.
Activation of somatic motor nerves
b.
Sacral sympathetic activation
c.
Vagal activation
d.
Sacral parasympathetic activation
d.
Sacral parasympathetic activation
The protein that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to is ________________.
Question 7 Answer
a.
The CD4+ coreceptor
b.
The ACE-1 enzyme
c.
The ACE-2 enzyme
d.
Sialic acid residues on alveolar epithelial cells
c.
The ACE-2 enzyme
What is the role of neuraminadase in the influenza virus?
Question 8 Answer
a.
it binds to sialic acid residues on the host glycoproteins
b.
it promotes disengagement of the influenza virus from the surface of the host cell
c.
it has ion channel functionality
d.
it is responsible for cleaving the RNA genome to produce discrete viral proteins
b.
it promotes disengagement of the influenza virus from the surface of the host cell
What is the usual way that bladder cancer initially presents in most patients?
Question 9 Answer
a.
Dysuria
b.
Hematuria
c.
Weight loss and night sweats
d.
Lower urinary tract obstruction
b.
Hematuria
When a person chooses to urinate, the cortex stops inhibiting a lower brain area. This lower brain area then sends the signal for detrusor muscle contraction. What is this lower brain area?
Question 10 Answer
a.
The limbic detrusor nucleus
b.
The hypothalamic detrusor nucleus
c.
The pontine micturition centre
d.
The medullary urinary centre
c.
The pontine micturition centre
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the bladder mucosa?
Question 11 Answer
a.
Umbrella cells are found adjacent to the basement membrane, and are a crucial barrier that prevents “backflow” of urine into the underlying connective tissue
b.
All of these options are true
c.
Uroplakins are structural proteins that prevent the urine from reaching the underlying layers of the bladder epithelium
d.
The epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium
c.
Uroplakins are structural proteins that prevent the urine from reaching the underlying layers of the bladder epithelium
Which of the following pathologic situations are the most likely to give rise to a transudative pleural effusion (low protein)?
Question 12 Answer
a.
Congestive heart failure
b.
Influenza pneumonia
c.
Lung cancer
d.
TB pneumonia
a.
Congestive heart failure
