quiz 2 Flashcards
Activation of the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway is classically associated with which of the following malignancies?
Question 1 Answer
a.
Melanoma
b.
Basal cell carcinoma
c.
HPV-induced carcinoma
d.
Squamous cell carcinoma
b.
Basal cell carcinoma
Approximately how long does the typical telogen phase of hair growth last?
Question 2 Answer
a.
3 months
b.
1 month
c.
1 year
d.
6 months
a.
3 months
Dermatophytes begin their infectious lifecycle by adhering to which of the following?
Question 3 Answer
a.
Melanocyte
b.
Keratin
c.
Fibroblasts
d.
Ceramide
b.
Keratin
High-risk alpha human papillomaviruses drive tumorigenesis through which of the following mechanisms?
Question 4 Answer
a.
Degrading tumor suppressors
b.
Disrupting epithelial differentiation
c.
Impairing DNA repair
d.
Impairing apoptosis
a.
Degrading tumor suppressors
Which of the following bacteria can convert to a mucoid phenotype that enables biofilm formation?
Question 5 Answer
a.
Streptococcus pyogenes
b.
Staphylococcus aureus
c.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
d.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
d.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which of the following is an important multifunctional virulence factor expressed by Group A Streptococcus bacteria?
Question 6 Answer
a.
Streptolysin O
b.
Streptococcal pyrogeic exotoxin
c.
M protein
d.
Superoxide dismutase
c.
M protein
Which of the following statements best describes the function of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)?
Question 7 Answer
a.
To activate mast cells
b.
To activate B cell antibody production
c.
To permit T cell entry to the skin
d.
To prompt T cell migration to lymph nodes
c.
To permit T cell entry to the skin
Which of the following statements best describes the general function of T regulatory cells (TREGs)?
Question 8 Answer
a.
To activate inflammatory pathways in response to IL-17
b.
To maintain tolerance to self-antigens
c.
To activate antibody responses
d.
To activate macrophages to kill pathogens
b.
To maintain tolerance to self-antigens
