Wine Faults

Question 1

Wine fault described as smelling like “burnt matches”

Answer 1

Sulfur dioxide

Question 2

Substance that can smell like onions or garlic

Answer 2

Mercaptan

Question 3

Wine fault described as smelling like “rotten eggs”

Answer 3

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 4

Wine fault that smells of nail polish remover

Answer 4

Ethyl Acetate

Question 5

Smells like rancid butter

Answer 5

Butyric acid

Question 6

Caused by 2,4,6-Trichloranisole

Answer 6

Cork Taint

Question 7

Bacteria that can turn wine into vinegar

Answer 7

Acetobacter

Question 8

Provides “oxidized” aromas to Sherry

Answer 8

Acetaldehydes

Question 9

Can lead to aromas such as: Band-Aid/”Horsey”

Answer 9

Brett (Brettanomyces)

Question 10

Term used for a “cooked” or “baked” aroma

Answer 10

Maderized

Question 11

Two possible causes of geranium fault

Answer 11

Incomplete mlf

Improper breakdown of sorbic acid

Question 12

Conditions that lack oxygen

Answer 12

Reduction/Reductive

Question 13

What aroma is associated with 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA)?

Answer 13

Dank Basement
Mold/Must
Wet Carboard
Muted/Less Flavorful (Milder Cases)

Question 14

What causes 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole?

Answer 14

A mold that can grow on and in the bark of the cork oak tree, on the winemaking implements, or even in the winery itself – hence Corked/Cork Taint

Question 15

Can a screw cap wine be corked?

Answer 15

Yes, cork taint can saturate any part of a winery’s environment and can be transferred

Question 16

What percentage of wine bottles are affected by cork taint?

Answer 16

1-8%

Question 17

What odors are derived from sulfur compounds?

Answer 17

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
Mercaptan

Question 18

What affect does a wine with high concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide have?

Answer 18

Aroma of burnt matches

Burning sensation in the throat and nose

Question 19

What increases the effect of Sulfur Dioxide?

Answer 19

pH/Acid – the more acidic the wine the more pronounced the effect

Question 20

What aroma does Hydrogen Sulfide have?

Answer 20

Rotten Eggs

Question 21

What causes Hydrogen Sulfide?

Answer 21

When a sulfur-rich wine sits too long in the complete absence of oxygen as in a barrel/tank resting with a large amount of yeast sediment or even possibly with screwcaps which are impervious to oxygen

Question 22

What’s another name for Mercaptan?

Answer 22

Ethyl Mercaptan

Question 23

What aroma does Mercaptan impart?

Answer 23

Garlic/Onions

Question 24

What are the odors resulting from the action of bacteria?

Answer 24

Acetic acid
Butryic acid
Lactic acid
Ethyl acetate
Geranium

Question 25

What is Acetobacter?

Answer 25

Type of bacteria that may cause wine spoilage in the presence of oxygen by producing acetic acid

Question 26

What is the aroma associated with Acetic Acid?

Answer 26

Vinegar

Question 27

When is the term ascensence used?

Answer 27

To refer to a fault evidenced in a wine with discernible volatile acidity accompanied by a high level of ethyl acetate

Question 28

What aroma is associated with Butyric Acid?

Answer 28

Rancid Butter or Spoiled Cheese

Question 29

What aroma is associated with Lactic Acid?

Answer 29

Sauerkraut or a Goat

Question 30

What aroma is associated with Geranium fault?

Answer 30

Odor of crushed geranium leaves

Question 31

What is Brett?

Answer 31

Brettanomyces; member of the yeast family and can infect a winery providing a sweaty or horsey odor or deadening the primary flavors

Question 32

What aromas are associated with Brett?

Answer 32

Horsey Sweaty Band Aid Medicinal

Question 33

What odor is associated with a Green fault?

Answer 33

Odor of Leaves

Question 34

What causes a Green fault?

Answer 34

Use of immature (underripe) grapes

Question 35

What effects are associated with Oxidation?

Answer 35

Nutty, Caramelized aroma Lack of fruit character Browning

Question 36

What aroma is associated with a Maderized wine?

Answer 36

Cooked or baked odor

Question 37

What causes a moldy aroma?

Answer 37

Using moldy grapes or barrels

Question 38

What causes a rubbery aroma?

Answer 38

Very low acid wines or excess sulfur

Question 39

What odor is associated with a stemmy wine?

Answer 39

Bitter, green odor of grape stems

Question 40

What else can cause a wet cardboard aroma other than cork taint?

Answer 40

Misuse of filter pads or filtering materials

Question 41

What aroma is associated with Reductive wines?

Answer 41

``` Rotten eggs Garlic Struck matches Cabbage Burnt rubber ```