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France Flashcards

1
Q

Most widely planted white grape in France

A

Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano Toscano)

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2
Q

Most widely planted red grape in France

A

Merlot

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3
Q

Three levels of the French wine “quality pyramid”

A

AOC/AOP
Vin de Pays (IGP/PGI)
Vin (formerly “table wine”)

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4
Q

Region covered by the Pays d’Oc IGP

A

The western part of the French Mediterranean Coast, including Languedoc and Roussillon

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5
Q

Region covered by the Val de Loire IGP

A

The Loire Vally and Chablis

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6
Q

Region covered by the Comtes Rhodaniens IGP

A

Northern Rhone Valley and Savoie

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7
Q

Region covered by the Mediterranee IGP

A

Southeast France, including the Rhone Valley and Provence

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8
Q

Region covered by the Comte Tolosan IGP

A

Southwest France

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9
Q

Region covered by the L’Atlantique IGP

A

Bordeaux, Dordogne, and Charentais

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10
Q

Region covered by the Terres du Midi IGP

A

(For certain blended wines in the) Languedoc and Roussillon

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11
Q

Three main rivers of Bordeaux

A

Garonne
Dordogne
Gironde (Estuary)

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12
Q

Eight AOCs of the Medoc

A 
Medoc AOC
Haut Medoc AOC
Saint-Estephe AOC
Paulliac AOC
Saint Julien AOC
Listrac-Medoc AOC
Moulis-en-Medoc AOC
Margaux AOC
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13
Q

Six AOCs of Graves

A 
Graves AOC
Graves Superieures AOC
Pessac-Leognan AOC
Cerons AOC
Barsac AOC
Sauternes AOC
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14
Q

Main town on Bordeaux’s Right Bank

A

Libourne

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15
Q

Four satellites of Saint-Emilion

A

Lussac-St.-Emilion
Montagne-St.-Emilion
Pusseguin-St.-Emilion
St-Georges-St.-Emilion

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16
Q

Five sub-zones of the AOC Cotes du Bordeaux

A 
Blaye-Cotes de Bordeaux
Cadillac-Cotes de Bordeaux
Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux
Francs-Cotes de Bordeaux
Sainte Foy-Cotes de Bordeaux
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17
Q

Commune that is home to Chateau Lafite Rothschild

A

Pauillac

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18
Q

Commune (and region) that is home to Chateau Haut-Brion

A

Pessac (Graves)

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19
Q

Area north of the city of Bordeaux, on the Left Bank

A

The Medoc

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20
Q

Three main white grapes of Bordeaux

A

Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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21
Q

Area south of the city of Bordeaux, on the Left Bank

A

Graves

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22
Q

Three main red grapes of Bordeaux

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc

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23
Q

Three minor red grapes of Bordeaux

A

Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenere

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24
Q

Three regional appellations of Bordeaux

A

Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Superieur AOC
Cremant de Bordeaux AOC

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25
Unique type of "light" red wine produced in Bordeaux
Clairet
26
"In futures"
En primeur
27
"Bordeaux Classification of _____"
1855
28
Five (current) first growths of the 1855 Classification
``` Chateau Haut-Brion Chateau Lafite Rothschild Chateau Latour Chateau Margaux Chateau Mouton Rothschild ```
29
Year of the first classification of Saint-Emilion
1954
30
Four (current) Saint-Emilion Premier Grand Cru Classe Category A properties
Chateau Angelus Chateau Ausone Chateau Cheval Blanc Chateau Pavie
31
Who likely first brought grapes to France?
Greeks and Romans who established colonies along the Mediterranean coast. Later, the Romans spread viticulture farther inland after conquering Gaul and founding cities throughout the area
32
What did wine in France become associated with in the 5th century after the Roman Empire's collapse?
Christian monasteries
33
What did Christian monasteries produce wine for?
Sacramental use and profit
34
How did monasteries acquire so much vineyard acreage?
Vineyards were donated to the church by rich patrons seeking divine favor
35
What two areas in France did the monasteries receive significant holdings?
Burgundy | Champagne
36
What monastery orders were based in Burgundy?
Benedictine | Cistercian
37
What did the monks do for winemaking?
As some of them took a very scientific approach, the experimented with different kinds of grapes and various arrangements in the vineyards, ultimately fine-tuning high-quality vines and matching them to the ideal growing sites. Also pioneered many innovations that improved winemaking on a large scale.
38
What led to the bond between Bordeaux and Britain?
In the 12th century, the region came under the English Crown through the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II. Viticulture in the British Isles had declined so Bordeaux became the ideal solution for supplying wine to Britain. Even when the ownership was ended after war in the fourteenth and fifteenth century -- the bond continued.
39
What region was the home of French nobility during the Middle Ages?
Loire Valley
40
Why did the Loire Valley's production flourish in the Middle Ages?
Concentration of wealth in a highly fertile area, so even when the seat of power went back to Paris in the fifteenth century -- wineries continued to prosper
41
What was Champagne known for in the Middle Ages?
Still wine
42
What wine was Champagne renowned for in Paris and London in the 1600s?
Still Pinot Noir
43
When did purposeful sparkling production begin in Champagne?
End of the 17th century, prior to that bottles would occasionally develop a bit of a spritz but it was accidental
44
What region in France has the country's longest history of viticulture?
The South of France
45
What were the wines of the South of France mainly used for?
Local consumption | Blending into other regions' wines
46
What did the wines of the South of France provide to the blend with other wines?
Adding weight to what otherwise would have been unpleasantly thin wine in most vintages
47
Where is Alsace situated?
On the border with Germany
48
What Germanic traditions did Alsace retain?
Emphasis on Riesling and (to a lesser extent) Gewurztraminer | Use of tall, thin Flute d'Alsace bottles
49
Three types of Alsace appellations
Alsace AOC Cremant d'Alsace AOC Alsace Grand Cru
50
Department located in the northern area of Alsace
Bas-Rhin
51
Department located in the southern area of Alsace
Haut-Rhin
52
Number of Grand Crus in Alsace
51
53
Mountain range to the west of Alsace
Vosges Mountains
54
Rule regarding varietal wines of the Alsace AOC
Must be 100% of the named variety
55
Four "noble grapes" of Alsace
Riesling Muscat Pinot Gris Gewurztraminer
56
Grape variety also known as Klevener de Heiligenstein
Savagnin Rose
57
Grape allowed for use in Cremant d'Alsace AOC (but not in Alsace AOC)
Chardonnay
58
Ten grape varieties approved for use in non-sparkling Alsace AOC wines
``` Riesling Gewurztraminer Pinot Gris Pinot Noir Pinot Blanc Sylvaner Muscat Chasselas Auxerrois Klevener de Heiligenstein (Savagnin Rose) ```
59
Term used in Alsace for blended wines
Edelzwicker | Gentil
60
Term used in Alsace for late harvest wines
Vendange(s) | Tardive(s)
61
Term used in Alsace for botrytis-affected wines
Selection de Grains Nobles
62
Four main regions of the Loire Valley
Pays Nantais Anjou-Saumur Touraine Upper (Eastern) Loire
63
Grape variety of the Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC
Folle Blanche
64
Regional name for Chenin Blanc (used in the Loire)
Pineau de la Loire
65
Grape variety of Muscadet
Melon de Bourgogne
66
Regional name for Cabernet Franc (used in the Loire)
Breton
67
(2) appellations of Touraine approved for the production of reds and rose based on Cabernet Franc
Bourgueil | St. Nicholas-de-Bourgueil
68
Loire Valley's Grand Cru
Quarts de Chaume
69
Style of wine produced in the Quarts de Chaume AOC
Sweet white 100% Chenin Blanc typically botrytis-affected
70
2 other Loire Valley appellations (in addition to Quarts de Chaume) approved for sweet white wines
Coteaux du Layon AOC | Bonnezeaux AOC
71
(3) types of wine produced in the Fiefs Vendeens AOC
White (Chenin Blanc/Chardonnay) Red (Cab Franc/Negrette/Pinot Noir) Rose (Gamay/Pinot Noir)
72
Grape variety of Vouvray
Chenin Blanc
73
Grape varieties of Sancerre
``` Sauvignon Blanc (white) Pinot Noir (red) ```
74
Grape variety of Savennieres
Chenin Blanc
75
Four appellations of Muscadet
Muscadet AOC Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOC Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu AOC Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine AOC
76
Grape varieties of Coteaux d'Ancenis AOC
Pinot Gris/aka Malvoisie (white) | Gamay (red and rose)
77
Three regional appellations for Loire Valley rose
Rose d'Anjou DOC Cabernet d'Anjou AOC Rose de Loire AOC
78
Typical grape varieties (6) used in Loire Valley rose
``` Cabernet Franc Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir Gamay Grolleau Malbec (among others) ```
79
Chief source for grapes for Cremant de Loire AOC
Saumur
80
Main grape variety of Chinon
Cabernet Franc
81
Type(s) of wine produced in the Saumur-Champigny AOC
Red wine only; Cabernet-Franc-based
82
Grape variety of Pouilly-Fume
Sauvignon Blanc
83
Two main grapes of Burgundy
Pinot Noir | Chardonnay
84
Minor grapes (6) of Burgundy
``` Gamay Cesar Pinot Gris Pinot Blanc Sauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Gris ```
85
Number of Grand Crus in Burgundy
33
86
Number of Grand Crus in the Cote de Nuits
24
87
Number of Grand Crus in the Cote de Beaune
8
88
(Approximate) number of Premier Crus in Burgundy
More than 600
89
Three AOCs of Chablis
Chablis AOC Chablis Grand Cru AOC Petit Chablis AOC
90
Seven parcels of the Chablis Grand Cru vineyard
``` Blanchot Bougros Les Clos Grenouilles Les Preuses Valmur Vaudesir ```
91
Burgundian term for plots of land delineated by terroir
Climat | Note: the term "lieu-dit" is also used
92
Sub-appellations of the Bourgogne AOC
La Chappelle-Notre Dame Tonnerre Cote d'Or Note: there are a total of 14 but these 3 are the only one mentioned in the CSW Study Guide
93
Grape variety of the Bouzeron AOC
Aligote
94
Burgundy AOC that allows for the production of white wines using Sauvignon Blanc and/or Sauvignon Gris
Saint-Bris
95
Four major areas of Burgundy
Chablis Cote d'Or Cote Chalonnaise Maconnais
96
Appellation for the traditional method sparkling wines of Burgundy
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC
97
Grand Cru -- located in the Cote de Beaune -- that produces both red and white wine
Corton
98
Grand Cru -- located in the Cote de Nuits -- that produces both red and white wine
Musigny
99
Five communal AOCs of the Cote Chalonnaise
``` Rully Bouzeron Givry Mercurey Montagny ```
100
Five village-level AOCs of the Maconnais
``` Pouilly-Fuisse Pouilly-Loche Pouilly-Vinzelles Saint-Veran Vire-Clesse ```
101
Grape variety of Pouilly-Fuisse AOC
Chardonnay
102
Three AOCs of the Yonne Departement
Irancy AOC Saint-Bris AOC Vezelay AOC
103
Main grape variety of Beaujolais
Gamay | technically, Gamay Noir a Jus Blanc
104
Minor grape varieties (5) of Beaujolais
``` Chardonnay Aligote Pinot Noir Melon de Bourgogne Pinot Gris ```
105
River to the east of the Beaujolais region
The Saone
106
Beaujolais is located just to the south of the ______
Maconnais
107
Prized soil of the northern Beaujolais
Granite
108
Beaujolais Nouveau release date
Third Thursday in November
109
Optional production method in Beaujolais -- produces "tropical fruit" and other flavors
Carbonic Maceration
110
3 Beaujolais Crus -- known for lighter styles
Chiroubles Fleurie St.-Amour
111
4 Beaujolais Crus--known for fuller-bodied styles
Brouilly Cote de Brouilly Julienas Regnie
112
3 Beaujolais Crus -- known for age-worthy styles
Chenas Morgon Moulin-a-Vent
113
Beaujolais Crus (all ten)
``` Brouilly Chenas Chiroubles Cote de Brouilly Fleurie Julienas Morgon Moulin-a-Vent Regnie St.-Amour ```
114
Three leading grape varieties of Champagne
Chardonnay Pinot Noir Meunier (Pinot Meunier)
115
Four minor grape varieties of Champagne
Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris Petit Meslier Arbane
116
Two leading soil types of the Champagne Region
Chalk | Limestone (Limestone Marl)
117
Leading soil type of the Cote des Bar
Kimmeridgian marl
118
Five main zones of the Champagne region
``` Montagne de Reims Vallee de la Marne Cote des Blancs Cote de Sezanne Cote des Bar ```
119
Leading grape of the Cote des Blancs and Cote de Sezanne
Chardonnay
120
Leading grape of the Cote des Bar
Pinot Noir
121
Leading grape of the Vallee de la Marne
Meunier
122
Leading grape of the Montagne de Reims
Pinot Noir
123
Three pressings of juice (terms used in Champagne)
First: Cuvee Next: Taille Last: Rebeche
124
Minimum bottle aging for Champagne AOC
15 months total, including at least 12 months on the lees
125
Minimum bottle aging for Vintage Champagne
36 months total, including at least 12 months on the lees
126
Recoltant Manipulant, or RM
Grower Champagne
127
Historic classification scheme for the vineyards (villages) of Champagne
Echelle des Crus
128
CIVC
Le Comite Interprofessional du vin de Champagne
129
Producer of Clos de Mesnil
Krug
130
Producer of Vielles Vignes Francaises
Bollinger
131
Number of grand cru villages in Champagne
17
132
Number of premier cru villages in Champagne
42
133
Still wines (base wines) to be used in the production of Champagne
Vins clairs
134
Rose-only appellation for non-sparkling wines produced in Champagne
Rose des Riceys
135
Regional appellation for non-sparkling wines produced in Champagne
Coteaux Champenois
136
Location of the Rhone Valley
Begins 20 miles/32 km south of the city of Lyon, extends until the city of Avignon -- straddles the Rhone River
137
Cold, strong wind that affects the Rhone Valley
Mistral
138
Approximate length (north to south) of the Rhone Valley
120 miles/193 km (with a 30-mile/48-km gap between the North and South)
139
Grapes allowed for use (1 red, 3 white) in Northern Rhone AOCs
Syrah Viognier Marsanne Roussanne
140
Terroir of the Northern Rhone
Steep-sided, terraced vineyards planted along the river as it passes between the Massif Central and the Alps Mostly continental climate (hot summers/cold winters)
141
Red wine appellations of the Northern Rhone
``` Cote-Rotie Cornas Hermitage Crozes-Hermitage Saint-Joseph ```
142
Typical assemblage of Northern Rhone red wines
Based on Syrah; most allow for a small percentage of white grapes to be included
143
Required assemblage of Cornas AOC
Must be 100% Syrah
144
White wine appellations of the Northern Rhone
Condrieu Chateau-Grillet Saint-Peray (Saint-Joseph, Hermitage, and Crozes-Hermitage produce both white and red)
145
Grape variety of Condrieu
100% Voignier
146
Styles of wine produced in Saint-Peray
Still and sparkling wines using a blend of Marsanne and Roussanne
147
Terroir of the Southern Rhone
Broad lowlands | Mostly Mediterranean climate (warm summers, abundant sunshine, minimal precipitation during growing season)
148
Well-known component of Southern Rhone topsoils
Galets (rounded river stones)
149
Most widely planted red grape of the Southern Rhone
Grenache
150
Typical assemblage of Southern Rhone reds
Typically blends; many are Grenache-focused and may also contain Syrah, Carignan, Mourvedre, and Cinsault (among others)
151
Typical assemblage of Southern Rhone whites
Typically dry blends based on Grenache Blanc, Clairette, Viognier, Ugni Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Muscat, and others
152
Southern Rhone AOC that produces rose exclusively
Tavel AOC
153
Muscat-based vin doux naturel of the Southern Rhone
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
154
Grenache-based vin doux naturel of the Southern Rhone
Rasteau
155
Famous wine of the Southern Rhone produced just north of Avignon
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
156
Grapes allowed for use in Chateauneuf-du-Pape
``` Grenache -- Noir, Gris, and Blanc Mourvedre Syrah Cinsault Counoise Bourboulenc Roussanne Brun Argente (Vaccarese) Clairette Clairette Rose Muscardin Picardan Piquepoul -- Noir, Gris, and Blanc Terret Noir ```
157
Appellations of the Diois
Chatillon-en-Diois Clairette de Die Coteaux de Die Cremant de Die
158
Regional appellations of the Rhone Valley
Cotes du Rhone | Cotes du Rhone-Villages
159
Sangiovese (as used on Corsica)
Nielluccio
160
Vermentino (as used on Corsica)
Rolle
161
Vin doux naturel produced on Corsica
Muscat du Cap Corse AOC
162
Grape Variety of Cahors
Malbec
163
Grape variety of Madiran
Tannat
164
Sweet wine of the Roussillon produced in a "Christmas Style"
Muscat de Rivesaltes (Muscat de Noel)
165
Grape variety of Blanquette de Limoux
Mauzac
166
Leading wine style of Provence
Dry rose (88% of all production)
167
Three leading rose appellations of Provence
Cotes de Provence Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence Coteaux Varois de Provence
168
Five sub-zones of the Cotes de Provence AOC
``` Sainte-Victoire Frejus La Londe Pierrefeu Notre-Dame des Anges ```
169
Largest AOC of the Languedoc-Roussillon (in terms of production)
Corbieres
170
Two Grenache-based vins doux naturels of the Roussillon
Banyuls | Maury
171
Languedoc-based sparkling wine said to be the oldest purposefully-produced sparkling wine in France
Limoux Methode Ancestrale
172
Main grape variety of Bandol AOC
Mourvedre

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