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CSW/HBSC > Italy > Flashcards

Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Leading red grape of Piedmont, by acreage

A

Barbera

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2
Q

Other leading red grapes of Piedmont (in addition to Barbera)

A 
Nebbiolo
Dolcetto
Freisa
Grignolino
Brachetto
(Also: Bonarda, Vespolina, Ruche)
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3
Q

Leading white grapes of Piedmont

A

Moscato Bianco
Arneis
Cortese
(Also: Erbaluce)

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4
Q

Grape variety of Barolo and Barbaresco

A

Nebbiolo

must be 100%

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5
Q

Aging requirements for Barolo

A

Minimum 38 months
Riserva: min 62 months
(Counted from November 1 of the harvest year)

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6
Q

Aging requirements for Barbaresco

A

Minimum 26 months
Riserva: min 50 months
(Counted from November 1 of the harvest year)

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7
Q

Grape variety of Gavi

A

Cortese

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8
Q

Name for Nebbiolo as used in Northern Piedmont

A

Spanna

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9
Q

Grape variety of Asti DOCG

A

Muscat (Moscato)

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10
Q

Three styles of wine made in the Asti DOCG

A
  1. Asti - sparkling, charmat
  2. Asti Metodo Classico – sparkling, traditional method
  3. Moscato d’Asti – slightly sparkling, partial fermentation method
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11
Q

Style of wine approved in 2017 for the Asti DOCG

A

Asti Secco

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12
Q

Required assemblage for Barbera d’Asti DOCG

A

Minimum 90% Barbera

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13
Q

Required assemblage for Nizza DOCG

A

100% Barbera

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14
Q

DOCG approved for red (Nebbiolo) and white (Arneis)

A

Roero DOCG

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15
Q

2 Nebbiolo-based DOCGs in Northern Piedmont

A

Ghemme DOCG

Gattinara DOCG

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16
Q

Grape variety of Acqui DOCG

A

Brachetto

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17
Q

What is one of the main reasons that Italy is such a fruitful place for grape growing?

A

Climate – its position in southern Europe is well within the temperature zone where summer days are long and hot, there are clearly recognizable springs and falls, and winters are cold

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18
Q

What is Italy’s most notably topographic feature?

A

Long Mediterranean coastline

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19
Q

How does the Mediterranean affect Italy, generally?

A

It acts as a moderating influence on the weather, reducing the summer heat by a few degrees and warding off the worst winter cold

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20
Q

Italy is very mountainous, but where are two notable flat areas?

A

Po River Valley

Puglia (heel of the boot)

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21
Q

What led to a variety of different types of vines and winemaking techniques in Italy?

A

Rugged terrain, along with continuous political discord, restricted travel in centuries past

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22
Q

Two major mountain chains in Italy

A

Apennines

Alps

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23
Q

Where are the Apennines in Italy?

A

They run the length of the peninsula

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24
Q

What elevation do the highest points of the Apennines reach?

A

10000 ft (3,048 m)

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25
Q

What forms the entire northern border of Italy

A

Alps

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26
Q

What elevation do the Alps rise above?

A

15,000 ft (4572m)

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27
Q

What do the Alps provide northern Italy?

A

A solid wall to hold back most of the Arctic air masses that strike northern Europe in the winter, as well as, high-altitude vineyard sites with wide diurnal temperature ranges

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28
Q

How many regions are in Italy?

A

20, 18 on the mainland plus the 2 islands

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29
Q

2 islands of Italy

A

Sicily

Sardinia

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30
Q

Which part of Italy is the most prosperous?

A

Northern Italy, which contains the majority of Italy’s industrial infrastructure; cities of Milan, Turin, and Venice; and the rich agricultural lands of the Po River Basin

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31
Q

Where is Tuscany?

A

On the more populated and touristic western coast along the Tyrrhenian Sea.

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32
Q

What body of water is the eastern coast of Italy along?

A

Adriatic Sea

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33
Q

What is true of the eastern coast of Italy?

A

More rural and agricultural and is a major source of wines made from indigenous Italian grapes

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34
Q

Does Italy grow more indigenous or international varieties?

A

Indigenous, although some French varieties have been well established for over a century

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35
Q

What can cause differences in flavor and quality amongst Italian grape varieties?

A

They’ve been growing in isolated areas for so long that they have diverged into an array of clones of subvarieties with distinct characteristics, and also are influenced by different terroirs

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36
Q

Two examples of evolved clones in Italy?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Sangiovese Grosso

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37
Q

How many grape varieties are allowed in Italian wines?

A

More than 400, including subvarieties this comes closer to 2000

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38
Q

Which grape varieties are found throughout Italy?

A 
Trebbiano Toscano
Chardonnay
Moscato
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
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39
Q

What’s Trebbiano Toscano’s name in France?

A

Ugni Blanc

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40
Q

Most widespread grape variety of Italy

A

Trebbiano Toscano

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41
Q

Leading Red Grapes of Italy

A 
Sangiovese
Montepulciano
Merlot
Barbera
Nero d'Avola
Cabernet Sauvignon
Primitivo
Negroamaro
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42
Q

Leading White Grapes of Italy

A 
Trebbiano Toscano
Pinot Grigio
Catarratto
Chardonnay
Glera
Garganega
Moscato Bianco
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43
Q

How far back do Italy’s efforts to protect the names and origins of wine date to?

A

Early 1700s when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany delineated areas of production for Chianti

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44
Q

Examples of some of the aspects Italian wine laws regulate

A

Which grape varieties can be planted
Crop yield
Viticultural practices
Winemaking techniques

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45
Q

What is the modern Italian system of wine laws modeled after?

A

French appellation controlee structure

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46
Q

What is the major difference between the Italian and French system of wine laws?

A

Italy has 4 categories to France’s 3

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47
Q

Italian designations from lowest to highest

A

Vino (basic table wine)
Indicazione geografica tipica (IGT)
Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)
Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG)

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48
Q

Previous name for Vino category

A

Vino de Tavola

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49
Q

What is the table wine designation intended for?

A

Simple wines that were subject to few rules and regulations or whose grapes were grown outside of recognized quality production areas

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50
Q

What was initially not allowed on Vino labels, but has changed?

A

No vintage date, grape variety, or zone of production

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51
Q

Two names for the lowest level of wines in Italy

A 
Vino
Vini Varietali (Varietal wines)
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52
Q

Name for basic varietal wines in Italy

A

Vini Varietali

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53
Q

How much of Italy’s production is at the Vino level?

A

40%

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54
Q

When was the IGT category created?

A

1992

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55
Q

Why was the IGT category created?

A

In response to winemakers who felt the DOC/DOCG category involved excessive restrictions and that they could make better wines operating outside of them; for example, many wanted to use a grape variety not approved in their area or to modify the percentages of the sanctioned grape varieties.

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56
Q

What was the real reason for the creation of the IGT category?

A

Some of the wines met with great commercial success and commanded high prices

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57
Q

What’s a colloquial name for IGT wines?

A

Super Tuscans

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58
Q

Where were the first IGT wines from?

A

Tuscany

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59
Q

What is the EU equivalent of the IGT category?

A

PGI (geographical indication)

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60
Q

What is true of the IGT category?

A

Wines must rise to a higher standard of production than basic wines, but the winemakers have considerably more leeway in their choice of grapes and methods than do those producing wines in a higher classification category.

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61
Q

What is allowed via the labeling of IGT wines?

A 
May carry a vintage date
Varietally labelled (as long as 85% variety)
Name of IGT region
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62
Q

What is required to label the variety on an IGT label?

A

At least 85% of the variety in the blend

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63
Q

How many IGT zones are in Italy?

A

More than 100

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64
Q

How much of Italian production is IGT?

A

Almost 30%

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65
Q

What two categories are PDO divided into in Italy?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG)

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66
Q

What is the difference between DOC and DOCG?

A

DOCG wines are not only controlled but also guaranteed. They are subject to evaluation

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67
Q

What do DOCG wines have over the cork?

A

A special, numbered government seal

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68
Q

When was the DOCG category created?

A

1963

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69
Q

When was the first DOCG awarded?

A

1980

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70
Q

What three wines were the first DOCGs?

A

Brunello di Montalcino
Barolo
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

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71
Q

As of December 2019, how many DOCs were in Italy?

A

334

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72
Q

As of December 2019, how many DOCGs were in Italy?

A

75

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73
Q

3 terms used in the PDO category

A

Classico
Superiore
Riserva

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74
Q

Classico designation of PDO wines

A

Indicates a central or historic subzone within a larger geographic region. Such a territory is often the original center of wine production in the area and is often considered to be superior to the surrounding areas

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75
Q

Superiore designation of PDO wines

A

Indicates a wine that has a specific higher level of alcohol by volume than required of the corresponding normale wine.

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76
Q

How are Superiore wines usually produced?

A

Using a lower yield of grapes per acre or riper grapes

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77
Q

Riserva designation of PDO wines

A

Applied to wines that have been aged for a longer minimum period of time than regular wines. The total aging time varies according to the type and style of wine

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78
Q

Which region produces the largest quantity by volume of DOC/DOCG wines in Italy?

A

Veneto

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79
Q

Where is Veneto?

A

Northeastern Italy

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80
Q

What borders Veneto to the north?

A

Austria and Trentino-Alto Adige

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81
Q

What borders Veneto to the west?

A

Lombardy

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82
Q

What borders Veneto to the south?

A

Emilia-Romagna

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83
Q

What borders Veneto to the east?

A

Adriatic Sea and Friuli-Venezia Giulia

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84
Q

How is Veneto divided topographically?

A

Two distinct sections – south and east are flat, while the north and east are mountainous

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85
Q

What is Italy’s longest river?

A

Po River, it forms the southern border of Veneto

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86
Q

What are 3 important rivers of Veneto?

A

Po
Adige
Piave

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87
Q

Where are most of Veneto’s renowned grapes grown?

A

In the band of Alpine foothills and valleys between the plains and the rugged mountains

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88
Q

What is the climate of Veneto?

A

Varied as it is close to both the Alps and the Mediterranean. Broad river delta and flatlands can get quite hot and humid in the summer, while the mountain slopes remain cooler and breezier. In the winter, this is one of the colder parts of Italy, but the Alps keep the coldest continental air at bay. Lake Gardo, on the western side of Veneto, moderates the temperatures in its vicinity.

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89
Q

Leading red grapes of Veneto

A 
Corvina
Corvinone
Rondinella
Molinara
Oseleta
Negrara
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
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90
Q

Leading white grapes of Veneto

A 
Pinot Grigio
Glera
Garganega
Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano di Soave
Pinot Bianco
Vespaiola
Chardonnay
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91
Q

3 red varieties most associated with Veneto, and which is considered to be the highest quality?

A

Corvina
Corvinone
Rondinella

Corvina is considered to be the highest quality.

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92
Q

Which grape variety was initially thought to be a clone of Corvina?

A

Corvinone

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93
Q

What is the primary white grape variety of Veneto?

A

Garganega

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94
Q

What is the basis of sparkling wines in Veneto?

A

Glera

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95
Q

Does Veneto produce more white wines or red wines?

A

White wines

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96
Q

White grape variety of Prosecco

A

Glera

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97
Q

What was Glera formerly called?

A

Prosecco

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98
Q

Why is Glera no longer called Prosecco?

A

Because a new set of restrictions took effect with the 2010 vintage that mandates the usage of Prosecco only within the region

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99
Q

What is the appassimento process?

A

Process of making wine utilizing dried grapes. Traditionally the grapes are placed carefully in special slatted boxes, laid on open shelves, or hung from ceiling rafters by hooks.

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100
Q

What is the challenge with drying the grapes?

A

The area must be kept well aerated to prevent mold growth

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101
Q

How long are the grapes left to dry?

A

Until mid-January or longer, at which time they have lost as much as 60% of the water content through evaporation

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102
Q

How/When is fermentation stopped for the appassimento process?

A

By chilling the wine; After the alcohol level reaches approximately 12%, which still leaves considerable residual sugar

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103
Q

Recioto

A

Sweet wine that has undergone the appassimento process but still has considerable residual sugar

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104
Q

Are Recioto wines always still?

A

No, if carbon dioxide is retained they can be sparkling as well

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105
Q

If appassimento wines are fermented to dryness, what is the average alcohol percentage?

A

15% to 16%

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106
Q

What is the name of the wine fermented to dryness using the appassimento process?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella

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107
Q

Ripasso

A

Traditional production technique that reuses the sediment, or lees, of Amarone or recioto. Young wine is combined with the lees and goes through a short second fermentation

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108
Q

How do Ripasso wines differ from wines not made in the style?

A

More flavor, tannin, and alcohol

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109
Q

How many DOCGs are in Veneto?

A

14

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110
Q

What is the most distinguished DOCG in Veneto?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella

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111
Q

What are the four styles of wine produced in Valpolicella DOC?

A

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
Valpolicella DOC
Valpolicella Ripasso DOC
Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG

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112
Q

Where is Valpolicella?

A

Hills north of Verona

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113
Q

What is the requirements for Amarone?

A

Minimum of 2 years aging

Minimum of 14% ABV although most producers achieve alcohol levels of at least 15%

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114
Q

What are the grapes in the blend of Valpolicella?

A

Corvina
Corvinone
Rondinella
Small percentage of other red grapes

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115
Q

Where are the producers that use the classico designation?

A

Heart of the region

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116
Q

What are the aging requirement for the Superiore wines of Valpolicella?

A

At least one year aging

Minimum of 12% abv (compared to 11% for normale)

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117
Q

Which two regions follow a similar blend to that of Valpolicella?

A

Bardolino DOC

Bardolino DOCG

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118
Q

What else is made in Bardolino?

A

Chiaretto (rose)

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119
Q

What is the most quality white region in Veneto?

A

Soave

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120
Q

2 DOCGs in Soave

A

Soave Superiore DOCG

Recioto di Soave DOCG

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121
Q

What is the main grape of Soave

A

Garganega

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122
Q

How much of Garganega must be in the blend for Soave?

A

at least 70%

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123
Q

What grapes are blended with Garganega in Soave?

A

Trebbiano di Soave, Chardonnay, or both

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124
Q

Another name for Trebbiano di Soave

A

Verdicchio

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125
Q

How much Glera is required for Prosecco?

A

At least 85%

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126
Q

Where can Prosecco be produced?

A

northern and eastern portions of Veneto as well as all of Friuli-Venezia Giulia

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127
Q

What are the DOCGs for Prosecco? And what do they represent?

A 
Conegliano-Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG
Asolo Prosecco (Colli Asolani) DOCG

Both represent specific areas renowned for the historic quality of their wines and their vineyards (particularly in reference to aspect, soils, and elevation)

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128
Q

What does the Lugana DOC produce?

A

Pleasant and light white wines made from Trebbiano di Lugana (a variety recently found to be closely related, but not quite identical, to Verdicchio)

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129
Q

What does Piave DOC produce?

A

Dry and appassimento wines from traditional and international varieties

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130
Q

What is allowed in Piave Malanotte DOCG?

A

Red wines only from the indigenous Raboso grape variety

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131
Q

What does the Lison-Pramaggiore DOC produce?

A

Red and white wines from both traditional and international varieties

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132
Q

What does the Lison DOCG produce?

A

White wines only made using Friulano

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133
Q

What new three-region DOC was created in 2017?

A

Delle Venezie

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134
Q

What does the Delle Venezie DOC encompass?

A

Total area of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Trentino

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135
Q

What does the Delle Venezie DOC allow for?

A

Multi-regional varietal wine (such as Pinot Grigio) to be labeled as a DOC wine

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136
Q

How many IGTs are in Veneto? 2 examples?

A

10
Veneto IGT
Trevenezie IGT

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137
Q

Where is Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Northernmost region in Italy

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138
Q

What occupies most of the northern border of Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Austria (Alto Adige used to belong to the region)

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139
Q

Alternate name for Alto Adige

A

Sudtirol

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140
Q

Why are Alto Adige labels often Germanic?

A

German is the predominant language so the wine styles and labels reflect that cultural heritage

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141
Q

What town is at the center of Trentino?

A

Trento

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142
Q

What is the climate of Trentino?

A

Quite cold in the more mountainous regions and progressively milder closer to Lake Garda in the south.

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143
Q

How are vineyards found throughout the main valley of Trento often planted?

A

Terraces

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144
Q

How much of Trentino-Alto Adige is DOC status?

A

More than 80%

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145
Q

What are the primary DOCs of Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Alto Adige
Trentino
Valdadige

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146
Q

How are most of the wines of Trentino-Alto Adige labelled?

A

Varietally

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147
Q

Principal white varieties of Trentino-Alto Adige

A 
Chardonnay
Pinot Grigio
Pinot Bianco 
Muller-Thurgau
Traminer (Gewurztraminer)
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148
Q

What is another name for Gewurztraminer in Trentino-Alto Adige?

A

Traminer

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149
Q

Principal red varieties of Trentino-Alto Adige

A 
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Lagrein
Merlot
Marzemino
Schiava
Teroldego
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150
Q

How is Trento DOC locally known?

A

Trentodoc

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151
Q

What is Trento DOC known for?

A

Traditional Method sparkling wine

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152
Q

Grape varieties of Friuli-Venezia Giulia

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir)
Pinot Grigio
Riesling
Sauvignon Blanc

Verduzzo
Friulano
Picolit

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153
Q

Former name of Friulano

A

Tocai Friulano

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154
Q

Two appellations considered to be the best for quality wines in Friuli

A

Friuli Colli Orientali DOC (and its associated DOCG for sweet white wines made form the Picolit grape, Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit)
Colli Goriziano DOC (simply called Collio)

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155
Q

Where are Friuli Colli Orientali and Colli Goriziano?

A

eastern part of Friuli near the Slovenian border

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156
Q

What does Collio produce?

A

Single variety wines
White blends labeled Collio Bianco
Skin-fermented “orange” iwnes from the indigenous Ribolla Gialla grape

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157
Q

Two other outstanding wines of Friuli (besides the Colli)

A

Ramandolo DOCG

Rosazzo DOCG

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158
Q

What is produced in Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Sweet white wines from the Verduzzo variety

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159
Q

What is produced in Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Dry white wines with a minimum of 50% Friulano; with other varieties including Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, and Ribolla Gialla

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160
Q

What is the second largest producer of DOC and DOCG wines behind Veneto?

A

Piedmont; although while its poduction volume is behind Veneto, it has the highest proportion of PDO wines of any of Italy’s regions

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161
Q

What borders Piedmont to the west?

A

France

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162
Q

What borders Piedmont to the north?

A

Valle d’Aosta

Switzerland

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163
Q

What borders Piedmont to the east?

A

Lombardy

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164
Q

What borders Piedmont to the south?

A

Liguria

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165
Q

What surrounds Piedmont on three sides?

A

Alps and Apennine mountains

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166
Q

Where are the ideal regions for growing quality grapes in Piedmont?

A

low hills and ridges within the central basin are ideal, especially the Langhe and Monferrato hills south of the town of Asti

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167
Q

What is the climate of Piedmont?

A

Cold winters with abundant snowfall. Summers are warm and dry, with frequent fog in autumn

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168
Q

What is Piedmont’s most famous grape?

A

Nebbiolo

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169
Q

General profile of Nebbiolo

A

Tannic, High-acid

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170
Q

Most planted red variety of Piedmont

A

Barbera

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171
Q

General profile of Barbera

A

Lighter, but still high-acid, low tannin

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172
Q

How much of Piedmont’s wines are red?

A

About 2/3rds

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173
Q

What is one common feature of Piedmont red wines?

A

notable acidity that helps to give the big wines their longevity and makes the lighter styles particularly refreshing

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174
Q

How are sparkling wines produced in Piedmont?

A

Traditional Method
Tank Method
Partial Fermentation

Range of styles from dry to sweet and from white to red

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175
Q

Style of still white wines from Piedmont

A

Medium bodied with delicate aromatics

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176
Q

How many DOCGs in Piedmont?

A

17

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177
Q

How many DOCs in Piedmont?

A

more than 40

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178
Q

Does Piedmont have an IGT region?

A

No, Piedmont DOC covers the entire region

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179
Q

What does the Langhe DOC encompass?

A

Barolo
Barbaresco
Roero
as well as the areas surrounding the towns of Alba and Ovada

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180
Q

What are many of the appellations of Piedmont tied to?

A

Single grape varieties

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181
Q

How many DOCGs is Nebbiolo the sole or primary variety?

A

7

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182
Q

Which two subregions produce the two highest-regarded wines of Piedmont from 100% Nebbiolo?

A

Barolo

Barbaresco

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183
Q

Style of Barolo

A

Intense, dry, robust, but very velvety red wine, usually quite tannic, and high in alcohol

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184
Q

Minimum aging period of Barolo

A

38 months

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185
Q

Minimum aging of Barolo Riserva

A

62 months

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186
Q

Style of Barbaresco

A

Similar to Barolo but considered slightly more elegant and less powerful – though this is often debated

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187
Q

Minimum aging for Barbaresco

A

26 months

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188
Q

Minimum aging for Barbaresco Riserva

A

50 months

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189
Q

Style of wine from Asti

A

Popular and intensely aromatic wine made from 100% Moscato Bianco that has peach and apricot flavors

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190
Q

Which Muscat clone is Moscato Bianco?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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191
Q

Aging requirements for Asti Metodo Classico

A

Bottle aged on the lees for a minimum of 9 months and is required to have a degree of residual sugar

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192
Q

Frizzante

A

Lightly sparkling

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193
Q

Asti Method

A

Winemaking process in which a single fermentation in a pressurized tank is halted by refrigeration, leaving a substantial amount of residual sugar in the wine

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194
Q

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

A

Large region covering over 9700 acres in the area surrounding the town of Asti

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195
Q

When was Barbera d’Asti approved as a DOCG, and for what?

A

2008; for red wines containing at least 90% Barbera

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196
Q

Nizza

A

Former subregion of the Barbera d’Asti DOCG

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197
Q

When was Nizza approved as a DOCG, and for what?

A

December 2014; 100% Barbera red wines with aging restrictions

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198
Q

Minimum aging for Nizza DOCG`

A

18 months

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199
Q

Minimum aging for Nizza DOCG Riserva

A

30 months

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200
Q

What is produced in the Roero DOCG?

A

Red and white wines.

Reds – less concentrated, earlier-drinking Nebbiolos
Whites – highly regarded fragrant wines from Arneis

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201
Q

Where are Roero reds produced?

A

across the Tanaro River from Barbaresco

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202
Q

What do Gattinara and Ghemme DOCGs produce

A

Nebbiolo-based blends in the northern part of Piedmont

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203
Q

Alternate name for Nebbiolo in the North of Piedmont?

A

Spanna

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204
Q

How many DOCs around Gattinara and Ghemme feature Spanna?

A

5

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205
Q

Where is Gavi DOCG located and what does it produce?

A

Southeast corner of Piedmont; Crisp, floral white wine made from the Cortese grape

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206
Q

Alternate names for the Gavi DOCG

A

Cortese di Gavi

Gavi del Comune di Gavi

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207
Q

Alternate name for Brachetto d’Acqui

A

Acqui

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208
Q

What is produced in the Acqui DOCG?

A

Range of wines based on the (red) Brachetto grape. Most distributed style is slightly sweet, sparkling, and redolent with red berry and floral aromas

209
Q

Grape named appellations are typically made from what percentage of the grape? 3 examples

A

100%
Barbera d’Alba DOC
Dolcetto d’Acqui DOC
Grignolino d’Asti DOC

210
Q

Outside of wine, what other product is majorly produced in Piedmont?

A

Vermouth

211
Q

What is Vermouth?

A

Aromatized and fortified wine flavored with herbs, spices, aromatic woods, and other natural ingredients

212
Q

What is the style of Italy’s vermouth?

A

Normally Red and Sweet

213
Q

Four wines produced in the Valpolicella region

A

Valpolicella DOC
Valpolicella Ripasso DOC
Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG

214
Q

Primary grape variety of Valpolicella

A

Corvina

215
Q

Minor grape varieties of Valpolicella

A

Corvinone

Rondinella

216
Q

Sweet wine of Valpolicella

A

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG

217
Q

Term used for Bardonlino rose

A

Chiaretto

Note: the term is used for other wines as well

218
Q

Primary grape of Soave

A

Garganega

219
Q

Required assemblage of Soave

A

Min. 70% Garganega; remainder may be Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio) and/or Chardonnay

220
Q

Three wines produced in the Soave region

A

Soave DOC
Recioto di Soave DOCG
Soave Superiore DOCG

221
Q

Primary grape of Prosecco

A

Glera

minimum 85%

222
Q

Two DOCGs that produce Prosecco

A

Asolo Prosecco DOCG (Colli Asolani DOCG)

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

223
Q

Style of wine produced in the Lugana DOC

A

White wine based on Trebbiano di Lugana (related to Verdicchio)

224
Q

Location of the Lugana DOC

A

South of Lake Garda, straddles the border between Veneto and Lombardy

225
Q

Style of wine produced in the Piave Malanotte DOCG

A

Red wines based on Raboso

226
Q

Style of wine produced in the Lison DOCG

A

White wines based on Friulano

227
Q

Three-region DOC of northern Italy

A

Delle Venezie DOC

encompasses the total area of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Trentino

228
Q

The four levels of Italian wine classification

A

Vino (basic table wine)
Indicazione geographica tipica (IGT)
Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)
Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG)

229
Q

Italian label term meaning “the central or historic part of a larger region”

A

Classico

230
Q

Italian label term indicating a wine with a higher level of alcohol than required of the normale version

A

Superiore

231
Q

Italian label term applied to wines with a longer minimum aging time than required of the normale version

A

Riserva

232
Q

Dried-grape process

A

Appassimento

233
Q

Process that re-uses the sediment from Amarone (or other wines)

A

Ripasso

234
Q

Appellation used for sparkling wines produced in Trentino

A

Trento DOC

235
Q

Leading white grapes of Trentino-Alto Adige

A 
Chardonnay
Pinot Grigio
Pinot Bianco
Muller-Thurgau
Traminer (Gewurztraminer)
236
Q

Leading red grapes of Trentino-Alto Adige

A 
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Lagrein
Merlot
Marzemino
Schiava
Teroldego
237
Q

Sweet wine made in Colli Orientali

A

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG

238
Q

Grape variety of the “orange” wines of Collio Bianco DOC

A

Ribolla Gialla

239
Q

Style of wine produced in the Ramandolo DOCG

A

Verduzzo-based sweet white wines

240
Q

Style of wine made in the Rosazzo DOCG

A

Dry whit wines made using a minimum of 50% Friulano

other allowed grapes include Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco, and Ribolla Gialla

241
Q

Metodo Classico sparkling wine produced in Lombardy

A

Franciacorta DOCG

242
Q

Grape varieties of Franciacorta DOCG

A 
Chardonnay
Pinot Bianco (Pinot Blanc)
Pinot Nero (Pinot Noir)
Erbamat
243
Q

Minimum lees aging of Franciacorta DOCG

A

18 months

244
Q

Minimum lees aging of vintage-dated Franciacorta DOCG

A

30 months

245
Q

Minimum lees aging of Franciacorta Riserva DOCG

A

60 months

246
Q

A type of brut, blanc de blancs Franciacorta DOCG

A

Saten

247
Q

Alternative name for Nebbiolo used in Valtellina

A

Chiavennasca

248
Q

Style of wine made in the Valtellina Rosso DOC (and the Valtellina Superiore DOCG)

A

Red wines

minimum 90% Chiavennasca/Nebbiolo

249
Q

DOCG red wine made in Lombardy using partially dried (passito) grapes

A

Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

250
Q

5 subzones of the Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A 
Grumello
Inferno
Maroggia
Sassella
Valgella
251
Q

DOCG white wine of Emilia-Romagna

A

Romagna Albana (Albana di Romagna)

252
Q

3 DOCs for Lambrusco based in Emilia-Romagna

A

Lambrusco Salamino di Santo Croce DOC
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC
Lambrusco di Sorvara DOC

253
Q

DOC for Lambrusco based in Lombardy

A

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC

254
Q

Two DOCG-level wines based on Verdicchio

A

Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG

Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG

255
Q

Region of origin: Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG and Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG

A

Marches

256
Q

Region of origin: Orvieto DOC

A

Umbria

257
Q

Style(s) of wine produced in the Orvieto DOC

A

White wines based on Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscano;

dry to sweet

258
Q 
Terms used for:
Dry
Semi-dry
Semi-sweet
Sweet
A

Dry - Secco
Semi-dry - Abboccato
Semi-sweet - Amabile
Sweet - Dolce

259
Q

Two DOCG wines of Umbria

A

Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG

Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

260
Q

Required assemblage: Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG

A

100% Sagrantino

261
Q

Required assemblage: Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

A

Minimum 70% Sangiovese

262
Q

Region of production: Frascati DOC

A

Lazio

263
Q

One of Lazio’s best known wines: Est! Est!! Est!!! di ______

A

Montefiascone

264
Q

DOCG of Lazio that produces sweet (late harvest) white wines

A

Cannelioni di Frascati DOCG

265
Q

Two red wine DOCGs of Campania

A

Taurasi DOCG

Aglianico del Taburno DOCG

266
Q

Main grape of Taurasi DOCG

A

Aglianico

267
Q

Two white wine DOCGs of Campania

A

Greco di Tufo DOCG

Fiano di Avellino DOCG

268
Q

DOC that produces Lacryma Christi wines

A 
Vesuvio DOC
(Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio)
269
Q

Two DOCGs of Abruzzo

A

Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOCG

Tullum/Terre Tollesi DOCG

270
Q

Best-known DOC wines of Abruzzo (one white, one red)

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC

271
Q

Abruzzo-based DOC for “cherry-colored” wines based on the Montepulciano Grape

A

Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC

272
Q

Main red grape of Calabria’s Ciro DOC

A

Gaglioppo

273
Q

Main white grape of Calabria’s Ciro DOC

A

Greco Bianco

274
Q

Style of wine made in the Greco di Bianco DOC

A

Copper-colored dessert wine; made using partially-dried Greco Bianco grapes

275
Q

Late-harvest DOCG wine produced in Puglia

A

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG

276
Q

Main grape variety of the Salice Salentino DOC

A

Negroamaro

277
Q

DOCG wine of Sicily

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

278
Q

Grape varieties used in Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

A

Nero d’Avola

Frappato

279
Q

3 leading white grapes of Marsala

A

Catarratto
Grillo
Inzolia

280
Q

3 leading styles of Marsala

A

Oro (golden)
Ambra (amber)
Rubino (ruby/red)

281
Q

3 styles of Marsala (based on sweetness)

A

Secco (dry = max. 4% RS)
Semisecco (semi-dry = 4% to 10% RS)
Dolce (sweet = more than 10% RS)

282
Q

Minimum required aging: Marsala Fine

A

One Year

283
Q

Minimum required aging: Marsala Superiore

A

Two Years

284
Q

Minimum required aging: Marsala Superiore Riserva

A

Four Years

285
Q

Minimum required aging: Marsala Vergine and Marsala Solera

A

Minimum of Five Years in a solera

286
Q

Minimum required aging: Marsala Vergine Stravecchio Riserva

A

Minimum of 10 Years cask aging

also: the wine must be dry

287
Q

Grape variety also known as Cannonau

A

Grenache/Garnacha

288
Q

Required assemblage: Cannonau di Sardegna DOC

A

Minimum 85% Cannonau

90% for riserva

289
Q

DOCG wine of Sardinia

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

290
Q

Three primary cities of Tuscany

A

Florence
Pisa
Siena

291
Q

Portion of the Mediterranean Sea bordering Tuscany

A

Tyrrhenian Sea

292
Q

Leading red grapes of Tuscany

3 Italian, 5 International

A 
Sangiovese
Canaiolo Nero
Colorino
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Pinot Noir
Syrah
293
Q

Leading white grapes of Tuscany

3 Italian, 2 International

A 
Trebbiano Toscano
Malvasia Bianca Lunga
Vernaccia
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
294
Q

Proportion of red wines (versus total production) in Tuscany

A

Nearly 90% of total production is red

295
Q

Traditional Tuscan winemaking technique that “extends” fermentation via the use of overripe or dried grapes

A

Governo

Governo all’uso Toscano

296
Q

Grapes used in typical (white) Vin Santo

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

297
Q

Label term indicating an amber (or light red) version of Vin Santo

A

Occhi di Pernice

“eye of the partridge”

298
Q

Grape(s) used in amber versions of Vin Santo

A

Sangiovese

299
Q

What is Sassicaia?

A

Original Super Tuscan (now produced under the Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC)

300
Q

Producer of Sassicaia

A

Tenuta San Guido

301
Q

Town (and DOC) on the Tuscan Coast considered to be the “birth place “ of the Super-Tuscans

A

Bolgheri,
Bolgheri DOC
(the broader area is also known as the Maremma)

302
Q

Two “Super Tuscan” wines produced by Marchese Piero Antinoiri

A

Tignanello

Solaia

303
Q

Appellation used by most Super Tuscan wines

A

IGT Toscana

also: Bolgheri DOC, Maremma Toscana DOC

304
Q

Date of the original designation of the Chianti wine region

A

1716

305
Q

Minimum percentage of Sangiovese in Chianti DOCG

A

70%

306
Q

Other grape varieties (in addition to Sangiovese) permitted for use in Chianti DOCG

A

Canaiolo Nero
Trebbiano Toscano
Malvasia
“Other suitable red varieties”

307
Q

Seven subzones of the Chianti DOCG

A 
Colli Aretini
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colline Pisane
Montalbano
Montespertoli
Rufino
308
Q

Minimum percentage of Sangiovese in Chianti Classico DOCG

A

80%

309
Q

Year that white grapes were excluded from use in Chianti Classico DOCG

A

2006

310
Q

Category added in 2014 to represent the “top tier” of Chianti Classico

A

Chianti Classico Gran Selezione

311
Q

DOCG white wine of Tuscany

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

312
Q

Main grape variety of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

A

(min 70%)
Prugnolo Gentile
(aka Sangiovese)

313
Q

Local name for Sangiovese in Scansano

A

Morellino

314
Q

DOCG wine produced in Scansano

A

Morellino di Scansano DOCG

315
Q

DOCG red wine produced in Montalcino

A

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

316
Q

Required assemblage for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

A

100% Brunello

local name [clone] of Sangiovese

317
Q

Minimum aging required for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

A

Min. 2 years in wood PLUS min. 4 months in bottle;
may not be sold before January 1 of the fifth year following harvest
(total = just over 4 years)

318
Q

DOC-level red wine produced in Montalcino

A

Rosso di Montalcino DOC

319
Q

Required assemblage for Carmignano DOCG

A

Min. 50% Sangiovese
10% to 20% (combined)
Cabernet Sauvignon/Cabernet Franc

320
Q

Four Tuscan DOCs specifically for Vin Santo

A

Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC

321
Q

Where is Lombardy?

A

The center of the semicircle of the Alps that forms Italy’s northern border

322
Q

What is Lombardy known for?

A

Sparkling wines of the Franciacorta DOCG

323
Q

What is the method of production for Franciacorta?

A

Metodo Classico or Traditional Method

324
Q

What are the primary grape varieties of Franciacorta DOCG?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Bianco
Pinot Nero

325
Q

What grape variety was allowed for inclusion in Franciacorta in 2017?

A

Erbamat

326
Q

Minimum aging for NV Franciacorta

A

18 months on the lees

327
Q

Minimum aging for Vintage dated Franciacorta

A

30 months on the lees

328
Q

Minimum aging for Riserva Franciacorta

A

60 months on the lees

329
Q

What is Saten?

A

A style of Franciacorta that is brut blanc de bancs with only 5 atmospheres of pressure

330
Q

Minimum aging for Saten and Rose Franciacorta

A

24 months on the lees

331
Q

Franciacorta aging on the lees cannot begin until when

A

February 1st of the year following the harvest

332
Q

Where is Valtellina?

A

It is a long, narrow, east-west valley in the foothills of the Alps

333
Q

What is the grape of Valtellina?

A

Nebbiolo (Chiavennasca)

334
Q

What is Nebbiolo referred to in Valtellina?

A

Chiavennasca

335
Q

How much Chiavennasca is required for Valtellina Rosso DOC and Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

minimum 90%

336
Q

What is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

Dry, high-alcohol wine made with a minimum of 90% Chiavennasca grapes that is partially dried before fermentation. The resulting passito-style wine is rich, dry in character, and has a minimum alcohol content of 14%

337
Q

Minimum alcohol for Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

14%

338
Q

Subzones of the Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A 
Grumello
Inferno
Maroggia
Sassella
Valgella
339
Q

What grape variety is Chianti based on?

A

Sangiovese

340
Q

Why is Tuscany Italy’s most famous wine region?

A

Party due to its familiarity to tourists and partly due to Chianti, one of Italy’s largest-volume quality wines

341
Q

Where is Tuscany?

A

West coast of the Italian Peninsula, north of Rome

342
Q

Primary cities of Tuscany

A

Florence
Pisa
Siena

343
Q

What borders Tuscany to the Northeast?

A

Emilia-Romagna

344
Q

What borders Tuscany to the Southeast?

A

Umbria and Lazio

345
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany?

A

Mediterranean, with greater extremes of temperature in the inland valleys can get quite hot

346
Q

Primary red grapes of Tuscany

A 
Sangiovese
Canaiolo Nero
Colorino
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
347
Q

Primary white grapes of Tuscany

A 
Trebbiano Toscano
Malvasia Bianca Lunga
Vernaccia
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
348
Q

How many clones of Sangiovese are there?

A

Hundreds

349
Q

What can the different clones of Sangiovese offer?

A

More color, more aromatics, more tannin

350
Q

Why do most producers grow an assortment of clones of Sangiovese?

A

To give their wine optimal complexity

351
Q

How many key clones has the Chianti Classico Consortium identified as being best for the region?

A

7

352
Q

Most significant blending variety of Sangiovese

A

Canaiolo Nero

353
Q

What does Colorino bring to the blend?

A

It is prized for its deep pigment and tannins, which add color and structure to the blend

354
Q

What is the only region more focused on red wines than Tuscany?

A

Calabria

355
Q

How much of Tuscany’s output is red?

A

Almost 90% (including a small portion of rosado)

356
Q

General profile of Sangiovese

A

Light Colored
High in Acid
Moderate in Tannin
Full of Bright Cherry and Red Berry Aromas and Flavors

357
Q

How do the upper-end versions that are 100% Sangiovese compare to the blends?

A

Greater depth of flavor and complexity

358
Q

Profile of a wine that is Sangiovese blended with Cabernet Sauvignon or other international varieties

A

Higher levels of tannin
Deeper color
Black fruit character
(without losing much acidity)

359
Q

Governo

A

Traditional winemaking technique in Chianti that involves the use of grapes that have become overripe on the vine or dried after harvest that are added to a batch of fermenting wine just as it is finishing fermentation

360
Q

How does the Governo technique affect the wine?

A

Extends the fermenation and often initiates malolactic fermentation, resulting in a richer, rounder wine with softer acids and less volatility

361
Q

How common is the Governo process?

A

Rare

362
Q

Does a wine made using the Governo process have to notate it?

A

Yes, it must be indicated on the label via the term Governo all’uso Toscano

363
Q

What is generally true of the white wines made in Tuscany?

A

Simple wines made for local consumption

364
Q

What is the standout white wine of Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia

365
Q

What is the profile of Vernaccia?

A

White wine with delicate pear and almond aromas

366
Q

Where is Vernaccia produced in Tuscany?

A

In and around the hilltop town of San Gimignano

367
Q

What is Vin Santo?

A

Dessert wine made in Tuscany

368
Q

Process of making Vin Santo

A

Grapes are harvested and hung in attic raters to dry. Grapes are crushed and put into small barrels that contain a bit of the vin santo lees from a previous vintage (Mother), which initiates a new fermentation. Barrels are sealed tight and kept in an attic

369
Q

Minimum barrel aging of Vin Santo

A

3 years, although better producers generally exceed that by 2 to 3 years

370
Q

What is similar to Vin Santo?

A

Veneto’s Recioto

371
Q

Is vin santo typically white or red?

A

White

372
Q

Typical grape varieties of vin santo

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Malvasia Bianca Lunga

373
Q

What is occhio di pernise?

A

Light red or amber-hued version of vin santo that may be produced based on Sangiovese

(Eye of the partridge)

374
Q

Is vin santo typically sweet or dry?

A

Sweet, although dry versions are produced

375
Q

What is vin santo considered to be the ideal accompaniment to?

A

Italian cookies such as cantucci or biscotti

376
Q

Is Super Tuscan an official category of wines?

A

No, although it is a well-known and highly regarded style of Tuscan wine

377
Q

When did the term Super Tuscan originate?

A

1970s

378
Q

How did Super Tuscans come to be?

A

As a result of the Chianti DOC regulations in place at the time, which required that Chianti be made from Sangiovese blended with several other indigenous grape varieties, including a small percentage of white grapes. Winemakers began to question the formula, believing that the required blend of grapes was limiting the quality potential of their wine.

379
Q

What three things did Super Tuscan producers believe would improve the wines?

A

Stop using white grapes
Use 100% Sangiovese
Add Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot/International Varieties

380
Q

When did producers start releasing wines that would eventually be Super Tuscans?

A

Late 1960s

381
Q

What quality level were original Super Tuscans released under?

A

Vino da Tavola

382
Q

What is the original Super Tuscan?

A

Sassicaia

383
Q

Producer of Sassicaia

A

Tenuta San Guido

384
Q

What is Sassicaia a blend of?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon-Cabernet Franc

385
Q

What was the first vintage of Sassicaia?

A

1968, although the wine had been made for family consumption for decades

386
Q

Two labels of Marchese Piero Antinori

A

Tignanello

Solaia

387
Q

Grape varieties of Tignanello

A

Sangiovese-Cabernet Sauvignon

388
Q

Grape varieties of Solaia

A

Cabernet Sauvignon-Cabernet Franc

389
Q

How did the rules change for Chianti after Super Tuscans became prominent?

A

Allowed for 100% Sangiovese wines, and Chianti Classico now allows up to 20% “other local red varieites” which include Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah

390
Q

What are Super Tuscans generally labeled as?

A

One of the small DOCs or IGT Toscana

391
Q

What is Chianti’s original zone?

A

Chianti Classico

392
Q

Where is Chianti Classico?

A

Hills and valleys between Florence and Siena

393
Q

When was the Chianti appellation established?

A

1716

394
Q

Has the Chianti region stayed the same size?

A

No, it has grown over time to the areas surrounding what is now called classico and has been divided into smaller zones

395
Q

Requirements for basic Chianti DOC

A

Made anywhere in the Chianti zone (except Chianti Classico)
Minimum 70% Sangiovese (can be 100%)
Allows Canaiolo Nero, Trebbiano Toscano, and Malvasia and “other suitable red varieties”

396
Q

How many subzones are in Chianti?

A

7

397
Q

What is not included in the subzones of Chianti?

A

Chianti Classico – which is an independent appellation

398
Q

When did Chianti Classico become a separate appellation?

A

1996

399
Q

What are the 7 subzones of Chianti?

A 
Colli Aretini
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colline Pisane
Montalbano
Montespertoli
Rufina
400
Q

What additional parameters may the subzones add to the requirements beyond Chianti DOC?

A

VIneyard density
Yield
Minimum alcohol level
Aging

401
Q

Minimum Sangiovese for Colli Senesi

A

75% vs. Chianti DOCG and the other six sub zones 70%

402
Q

Minimum Sangiovese for Chianti Classico

A

80% (up to 100%)

403
Q

As of 2006 what is no longer allowed in Chianti Classico labelled wines?

A

White Grapes

404
Q

Minimum alcohol of Chianti Classico

A

12%

405
Q

When can Chianti Classico be released?

A

Year after Harvest

406
Q

What does Chianti Classico Riserva require?

A

2 years of Aging

An additional half degree of alcohol (12.5%)

407
Q

When did the Chianti Classico Consortium add the Chianti Classico Gran Selezione category?

A

2014

408
Q

What is the difference in Gran Selezione?

A

Considered to be the top wine of the region
Must be estate grown grapes
Longer aging (30 months minimum)
Stricter technical and sensory parameters

409
Q

Brunello di Montalcino requirements

A

Must be 100% Brunello (local Sangiovese clone)
Minimum 4 years total aging (min. 2 years in wood, and at least 4 months in bottle)
May not be sold before January 1st of the 5th year following the harvest

410
Q

Brunello di Montalcino vs. Rosso di Montalcino

A

Brunello is known as one of the most powerful expressions of Sangiovese while Rosso is lighter, shorter-aged

411
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG requirements

A

Minimum 70% Prugnolo Gentile (local Sangiovese Clone)

412
Q

What is the younger version of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Rosso di Montepulciano

413
Q

Is Vino Nobile di Montepulciano made from Montepulciano?

A

No, that is in Abruzzo – this is from predominately Prugnolo Gentile (a Sangiovese clone)

414
Q

Carmignano DOCG requirements

A

Minimum 50% Sangiovese

Minimum 10% to 20% of either Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc or both

415
Q

What is unique about Carmignano DOCG?

A

It required the introduction of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc long before (over a century ago) the development of Super Tuscans

416
Q

Morellino di Scansano DOCG requirements

A

85% Sangiovese (Morellino)

417
Q

What is Sangiovese known as in the southernmost part of Tuscany?

A

Morellino

418
Q

What is the coastal area of Tuscany known as?

A

the Maremma

419
Q

How is the climate of Maremma?

A

Due to the unimpeded access to Mediterranean breezes, this area doesn’t get as hot as the interior valleys and contains terroir for world class vineyards

420
Q

What was born in Maremma?

A

The Super Tuscan movement near the town of Bolgheri

421
Q

Town that is known for its association with Super Tuscans

A

Bolgheri

422
Q

What can be made in the Bolgheri DOC?

A

Red and white blends

423
Q

What can be made in the Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?

A

Red wines made form a minimum of 80% Cabernet Sauvignon

424
Q

When was the Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC created?

A

2013

425
Q

When was the Maremma Toscana designation elevated from IGT to DOC?

A

2011

426
Q

What is Tuscany’s best known white wine?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

427
Q

How far back does the existence of Vernaccia date back?

A

To the 13th century – it is even mentioned in Dante’s Divine Comedy

428
Q

The Vernaccia grape fell out of favor until when?

A

World War II

429
Q

When was Vernaccia di San Gimignano given DOC status? DOCG status?

A

DOC - 1966

DOCG - 1993

430
Q

What is the general profile of Vernaccia di San Gimignano?

A

Almond, mineral, and earth

431
Q

What are the four DOCs specifically for Vin Santo in Tuscany?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC

432
Q

Where else can Vin Santo be produced?

A

Several other Tuscan areas including Pomino and Elba

433
Q

Where is Emilia-Romagna?

A

It is a triangular-shaped region that stretches diagonally across the top of the Italian Peninsula almost from one side to the other, and lies in the fertile Po Valley

434
Q

What was the first white Italian wine to recieve DOCG status? Where?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG (Albana di Romagna prior to 2011)

Emilia-Romagna

435
Q

What is the former name of Romagna Albana DOCG

A

Albana di Romagna

436
Q

What are the 3 Lambrusco DOCs?

A

Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC
Lambrusco di Sorbara DOCs

(Also Reggiano and Modena DOCs)

437
Q

What is the style of Lambrusco?

A

Slightly frizzante wine produced in both dry and sweet as well as red and rose versions (typically thought to be a slightly sweet simple red wine)

438
Q

What DOC outside of Emilia-Romagna produces Lambrusco?

A

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC in Lombardy

439
Q

Why is Emilia-Romagna well suited to making quality wines?

A

Ample Sunshine
Moderate Temperatures
Hills and Mountains

440
Q

What 3 food items is Emilia-Romagna known for?

A

Parmigiano Reggiano cheese
Prosciutto di Parma
Balsamic vinegar from Modeno

441
Q

How many DOCGs/DOCs in Marches?

A

DOCG - 5

DOC - 15

442
Q

What is the region of Marches known for?

A

White wines produced from Verdicchio

443
Q

Other grape varieties of Marches?

A

Pecorino
Passerino

Montepulciano
Sangiovese

444
Q

Two famous DOCGs for Verdicchio in Marches?

A

Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG

Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG

445
Q

Style of the Verdicchio wines

A

Crisp but neutral

446
Q

Conero DOCG vs. Rosso Conero DOC

A

Both blend Montepulciano and Sangiovese
Minimum 85% Montepulciano with up to 15% Sangiovese
DOCG has higher standards for aging and alcohol levels

447
Q

Rosso Piceno DOC requirements

A

35% to 85% Montepulciano

15% to 50% Sangiovese

448
Q

Where is the Abruzzo region?

A

Just south of Marches

449
Q

What grape variety is associated with Abruzzo?

A

Montepulciano

450
Q

Requirement for Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC

A

Minimum 85% Montepulciano with Sangiovese permitted

451
Q

When was the Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC created?

A

2010

452
Q

Profile of Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC

A

Cherry-colored lighter style of Montepulciano which undergoes a much shorter maceration period, resulting in a lower-tannin wine with bright fruit flavors

453
Q

What are Abruzzo’s two DOCGs?

A

Colline Teramane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOG
Tullum (Terre Tollesi) DOCG

Both are red wines based on Montepulciano

454
Q

What is Abruzzo’s leading white wine?

A

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC from Trebbiano Abruzzese

455
Q

Where is Umbria?

A

In the rugged Apennines between the Marches and Tuscany

456
Q

What is Umbria best known for?

A

Orvieto DOC – a white wine made predominantly from Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscano

457
Q

Italian for Dry wine

A

Secco

458
Q

Italian for Semi-Dry

A

Abboccato

459
Q

Italian for Semi-Sweet

A

Amabile

460
Q

Italian for Sweet

A

Dolce

461
Q

What grape varieties is Orvieto generally made from?

A

Grechetto and Trebbiano Toscano

462
Q

What styles does Orvieto DOC produce?

A

Typically Secco, but Abboccato, Amabile, and Dolce are also produced

463
Q

Two DOCGs of Umbria

A

Both Red

Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG
Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

464
Q

Requirement for Montefalco Sagrantino DOCG

A

100% Sagrantino

465
Q

Requirement for Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

A

Minimum 70% Sangiovese

466
Q

Where is Lazio?

A

West Coast of the Italian Peninsula surrounding the city of Rome

467
Q

Alternate name for Lazio

A

Latium

468
Q

Most recognizable DOC/DOCGs of Lazio

A

Frascati DOC
Frascati Superiore DOCG
Est! Est!! Est!!! di Montefiascone DOC

(All white wines, but not exclusively dry)

469
Q

What is the sweet wine of Lazio?

A

Cannellino di Frascati DOCG

470
Q

What were the harvest dates of Cannellino di Frascati DOCG tied to?

A

Festival of San Crispino

471
Q

What are the grape varieties of Lazio?

A

Trebbiano Toscano
Trebbiano Giallo
Malbasia Bianca di Candia
Malvasia del Lazio

472
Q

Where is Campania?

A

Around the city of Naples

473
Q

What is the most populated region of the southern peninsula of Italy?

A

Campania

474
Q

What is one of the best known wines of Campania?

A

Taurasi DOCG

475
Q

What is produced in Taurasi DOCG?

A

Red wine with fine aging potential made from the bold, red Aglianico grape

476
Q

Another region known for Aglianico

A

Basilicata

477
Q

Type of Soil of Campania

A

Volcanic

478
Q

Two white wine appellations of Campania

A

Fiano di Avellino DOCG

Greco di Tufo DOCG

479
Q

White grape varieties of Campania

A

Fiano
Greco
Falanghina

480
Q

What is the Vusuvio DOC famous for?

A

Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio

481
Q

What are the styles of Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio

A

Red, white, rosato, spumante (sparkling), and liquoroso (fortified) versions

482
Q

Italian for sparkling

A

Spumante

483
Q

Italian for fortified

A

Liquoroso

484
Q

What is the most prominent appellation of Calabria?

A

Ciro DOC (located in the boots toe)

485
Q

Red grape variety of Ciro DOC

A

Gaglioppo

486
Q

White grape variety of Ciro DOC

A

Greco Bianco (produced in small quantities)

487
Q

What is produced in Greco di Bianco DOC?

A

Copper-colored dessert wine made from partially dried grapes from the town of Bianco from the Greco Bianco variety

488
Q

Alternate name for Puglia

A

Apulia

489
Q

Where is Puglia?

A

Hill of the boot

490
Q

What does Puglia mainly produce?

A

Mainly red wines

491
Q

Well known appellation in Puglia

A

Salice Salentino DOC

492
Q

Grape variety of Salice Salentino DOC

A

Negroamaro

493
Q

Style of Negroamaro

A

Robust, dark-colored

mainly found in Puglia

494
Q

Grape varieties of Puglia

A 
Negroamaro
Montepulciano
Sangiovese
Barbera
Aleatico
Primitivo
495
Q

First DOCG of Puglia and what it produces

A

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale which produces a sweet, late harvest wine

496
Q

When did Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale become a DOCG?

A

2011

497
Q

3 subsequent DOCGs of Puglia created in 2011

A

Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG
Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG
Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG

498
Q

Why does Sicily typically rival Veneto for total wine volume?

A

Reliable sunshine, hot temperatures, and strong agricultural emphasis

499
Q

Main grape varieties of Sicily

A

Nero d’Avola
Frappato
Carricante
Grecanico

500
Q

What is Sicily’s only DOCG?

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria

501
Q

What is the DOC of Sicily?

A

Sicilia DOC

502
Q

Where are the crisp white wines of Sicily generally produced?

A

Higher elevations

503
Q

What is the most famous wine of Southern Italy?

A

Marsala

504
Q

Grape varieties of Marsala

A

Catarratto
Grillo
Inzolia

Produced in both dry and sweet styles

505
Q

3 types of Marsala

A

Oro (Golden)
Ambra (Amber)
Rubino (Ruby/Red)

506
Q

Secco Marsala RS

A

Maximum 4% (dry)

507
Q

Semisecco Marsala RS

A

4% to 10% (semi-dry)

508
Q

Dolce Marsala RS

A

More than 10% (sweet)

509
Q

Aging of Marsala Fine

A

1 year

510
Q

Aging of Marsala Superiore

A

2 years

511
Q

Aging of Marsala Superiore Riserva

A

5 years

512
Q

Aging of Marsala Vergine and Marsala Solera

A

Minimum of 5 years in Solera

513
Q

Most highly esteemed version of Marsala

A

Vergine Stravecchio Riserva

514
Q

Aging of Vergine Stravecchio Riserva

A

Minimum 10 years in cask (dry)

515
Q

Why does Sardinia produce a relatively high proportion of DOC and DOCG wines when compared ot most of the other regions of the south?

A

Availability of Several DOCs that cover all or most of the island for specific grape varieties

516
Q

Cannonau di Sardegna production

A

Red wines
Minimum 85% Cannonau (90% for Riserva)
Grapes can be grown anywhere in Sardegna

517
Q

What is Cannonau another name for?

A

Grenache/Garnacha

518
Q

What is the characteristic white grape of Sardinia?

A

Vermentino

519
Q

What is the highly prized DOCG for Vermentino in Sardinia?

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG (produced on the island’s northern tip)

CSW/HBSC (22 decks)

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