Wine Composition, Chemistry, & Faults Flashcards
Define Tartaric Acid in wine
Most prevalent acid compound found in wines, strongest pH
Can form white crystals in bottles
How is Lactic Acid used in wine production
Through the process of malolactic fermentation, bacteria convert Malic Acid (naturally found in grapes) into Lactic Acid
What climate typically would produce grapes with higher levels of Malic Acid
Cool climate grapes tend to have higher levels of Malic Acid
How is Succinic Acid produced
A natural bi-product of fermentation
What is the typical pH range of wine
2.9-3.9
Define Anthocyanthins
A phenolic compound that gives red wine its’ color
Redder color for wines higher in acid and bluer hue for less acidic wines
Define Vanillin
An aromatic phenolic compound found in oak that imparts a vanilla scent to wines aged in new oak
Define Flavones/Flavonols
A phenolic compound in the form of yellow pigments found in white wines, increased in grapes with more exposure to sunlight
What is Trichloroanisole (TCA)
Cork taint, caused by mold that can grow within or on cork trees, and in wineries
Estimated to affect 1-10% of bottles
What odor does Sulfur Dioxide give in a wine
Burnt Matches
What odor does Hydrogen Sulfide give in a wine
Rotten eggs
What odor does Mercaptan give in a wine
Garlic/Onions
What odor does Acetic Acid give in a wine
Vinegar
What odor does Butyric Acid give in a wine
Rancid butter, spoiled cheese
what odor does Lactic Acid give in a wine
Sauerkraut, goat cheese
