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Greece Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Where was the first Greek wine produced and by what civilization

A

Crete by the Minoans

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2
Q

What substances was used to seal Amphora in ancient Greek winemaking

A

Pine resin

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3
Q

Where was Greece’s first winemaking co-op founded

A

Samos

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4
Q

What are the three island groups of the Aegean Sea

A

Cyclades
Dodecanese
North Agean

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5
Q

What is the most important island in the Ionian Sea

A

Cephalonia

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6
Q

What is the overall climate of Greece

A

Mediterranean

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7
Q

What are the two Greek PDOs not dedicated to indigenous varietals

A

Slopes of Meliton
Messenikola

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8
Q

What are the requirements for a wine to be bottled as a PGI in Greece

A

Min. 85% of grapes sourced within named PGI
Verdea
Retsina

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9
Q

What are the requirements for vintage Retsina

A

Retsina cannot be vintage

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10
Q

Where is Verdea produced

A

Zakynthos

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11
Q

What does ‘Cava’ mean on a Greek label

A

Refers to aging on PGI wines
min. 1 year (6 months in oak) for whites
Min. 3 years (1 year in oak) for red wines

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12
Q

What are the requirements for ‘Grande Reserve’ wines in Greece

A

Min. 2 years (1 year in oak) for whites
Min. 4 years (1.5 years in oak) for reds

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13
Q

What are the requirements for ‘Reserve’ wines in Greece

A

Min. 1 year (6 months in oak) for whites
Min. 2 years (1 year in oak)

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14
Q

What are the two most important indigenous varietals found in Thrace

A

Mavroudi
Limnio

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15
Q

In what region of Greece is Amynteo PDO found

A

Macedonia

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16
Q

In what region of Greece is Goumenissa PDO found

A

Macedonia

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17
Q

In what region of Greece is Naoussa PDO found

A

Macedonia

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18
Q

In what region of Greece is Slopes of Meliton PDO found

A

Macedonia

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19
Q

What is the sole authorized varietal of Amynteo PDO

A

Xinomavro

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20
Q

What style of wine is produced in Amynteo PDO

A

Rosé (sparkling and still)
Red

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20
Q

What is the sole authorized varietal of Naoussa PDO

A

Xinomavro

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21
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Naoussa PDO

A

Red (sweet to dry)

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22
Q

What mountain are the vineyards of Naoussa PDO planted along the foothills of

A

Mount Vermion

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23
Q

What is the climate of Naoussa PDO

A

Continental

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24
Q

Who was the first producer to bottle wine in Greece and in what region

A

Boutari in Naoussa in the late 1800s

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25
Q

Name 3 notable Crus in Naoussa PDO

A

Trifolos
Fytia
Ramnista

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26
Q

What mountain defines the landscape of Goumenissa PDO

A

Mt. Paiko

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27
Q

What are the blending laws for Goumenissa PDO

A

Xinomavro co-fermented with min. 20% Negoska

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28
Q

Which of Macedeonia’s PDOs require co-fermentation of Xinomavro with another varietal and what is the varietl

A

Goumenissa PDO
Negoska

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29
Q

What is the monopole of Domaine Porto Carras

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO

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30
Q

What are the authorized white varietals of Slopes of Meliton PDO

A

Roditis
Assyrtiko
Athiri

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31
Q

What are the authorized red varietals of Slopes of Meliton PDO

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Lemnio
Cabernet Franc

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32
Q

What are the soils of Slopes of Meliton PDO

A

Sandy loam with limestone

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33
Q

What is the most planted varietal in Mount Athos Vineyard PGI

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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34
Q

What is the bizzare gender law in Mount Athos Vineyard PGI

A

No women are allowed to walk in the vineyards, the area belongs solely to the monks

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35
Q

What is the primary varietal of Epanomi PGI

A

Malagousia

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36
Q

What are the soils of Epanomi PGI

A

Sandy clay and marine fossils

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37
Q

What is the climate of Drama PGI

A

Continental

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38
Q

What style of wine is produced Siatista PGI

A

Rare traditional sweet wine from dried grapes

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39
Q

What two varietals are used to produce the sweet wines of Siatista PGI

A

Xinomavro
Moschomavro

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40
Q

What mountain range forms a border between Thessaly and Macedonia

A

Pindos Mountains

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41
Q

What are the two main varietals of Thessaly

A

Muscat of Hamburg
Roditis

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42
Q

What is Tsipouro

A

Greek version of Grappa produced from Muscat

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43
Q

What varietal is the backbone of Retsina production in Thessaly

A

Roditis

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44
Q

Where is Rapsani PDO located

A

The foothills of Mt. Olympus

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45
Q

What is the principle varietal of Rapsani PDO

A

Xinomavro

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46
Q

What two Greek PDOs authorize international varietals

A

Messenikola PDO
Slopes of Meliton PDO

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47
Q

What are the blending laws for Messenikola PDO

A

Min. 70% Mavro Mesenikola
Max. 30% Syrah & Carignan

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48
Q

What PDO features Syrah and Carignan with local varietals in Greece

A

Messenikola PDO

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49
Q

What are the principle soils of Messenikola PDO

A

Gravel-rich clay

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50
Q

What are the blending laws of Anchialos PDO

A

Min. 80% Roditis
Max. 20% Savatiano

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51
Q

What is the PDO of Epirus

A

Zitsa PDO

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52
Q

In what region of Greece is Zitsa PDO located

A

Epirus

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53
Q

What is the soil type of Zitsa PDO

A

Limestone-rich plateau

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54
Q

What is the climate of Zitsa PDO and a factor that moderates it

A

Cool continental climate moderated by the Pindos Mountains

55
Q

What is the main varietal of Zitsa PDO

A

Debina

56
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Zitsa PDO

A

Sill
Sparkling

57
Q

What PGI in Epirus is known for Cabernet Sauvignon

A

PGI Metsovo

58
Q

What are the two indigenous varietals of Epirus

A

Bekari
Vlahiko

59
Q

What varietal is dominant of the island of Evia PGI

A

Savatiano

60
Q

What is the majority of production used for in Attica PGI

A

Retsina or bulk wine

60
Q

Name a famous producer in Attica PGI

A

Papagiannakos

61
Q

What body of water separates the mainland of Greece from the Peloponnese

A

Gulf of Corinth

62
Q

What is the climate of the Peloponnese

A

Hot Mediterranean moderated by elevation and coastal breeze

63
Q

What is the red grape of Nemea PDO

A

Agiorgitiko

64
Q

What is Megas Oenos

A

A blend of Agiorgitiko and Cabernet Sauvignon produced by Skouras in Nemea PDO

65
Q

What is the most famous ‘cru’ of Nemea PDO

A

Koutsi - a limestone rich region at 650 m in elevation

66
Q

Where is the PDO of Mantinia located

A

In the center of the Peloponnese north of Tripoli

67
Q

What are the blending laws of Mantinia PDO

A

Min. 85% Moschofilero
Max. 15% indigenous varietals

68
Q

What are the four PDO regions nestled in Achaia PGI

A

Patras PDO
Muscat of Patras PDO
Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

69
Q

What is the varietal for the dry wine of Patras PDO

A

Roditis

70
Q

What are the styles and blending laws for Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

A

Min. 51% Mavrodaphne
Max. 49% Corinthiaki
Fortified with neutral grape spirit

71
Q

What is Corinthiaki commonly used to produce

A

Raisins

72
Q

What are the aging requirements for each category of Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

A

Reserve - 3 years (2 in oak)
Vieille - 5 years (2 in oak)
Grande Reserve - 7 years (3 in oak)

73
Q

What is the max. elevation range permitted for Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

A

Sea level - 250m

74
Q

What is the soil of Muscat of Patras PDO

A

Clay-based

75
Q

What is the grape varietal of Muscat of Patras PDO and Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

76
Q

What are the three methods of production permitted for Muscat of Patras PDO and Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

A

Fortification before fermentation
Fortification during fermentation
Vinifying dried fruit

77
Q

What is the requirement to be labelled Grand Cru in Muscat of Patras/Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

A

Wines fortified during fermentation from select vineyard cru sites

78
Q

What is the famous producer of Ilia district in the Peloponnese

A

Domaine Mercouri

79
Q

Where is Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

A

Laconia on the Pelopponnese

80
Q

What are the vinification requirements for Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

A

Grapes must be dried (fortification optional)
Min. 2 years barrel aging

81
Q

What is the major threat to viticulture in the Ionian Islands

A

High levels of rain which cause fungal infections

82
Q

What society ruled the Ionian Islands while the rest of Greece was under Ottoman Rule

A

The Venetians

83
Q

Which Ionian Island is home to PDOs

A

Cephalonia

84
Q

What style of wine is produced in Robola of Cephalonia PDO

A

Dry whites from 100% Robola

85
Q

What grape varietal is used to produce Muscat of Cephalonia PDO

A

Muscat Blanc

86
Q

What is the main soil type of Robola of Cephalonia PDO

A

Limestone

87
Q

What is the main soil type of Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO

A

Clay

88
Q

What clone of Mavrodaphne is used to produce Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO

A

Tsigelo

89
Q

What traditional style of wine is produced on Zakynthos

A

Verdea

90
Q

What is the base varietal for Verdea on Zakynthos

A

Skiadopoulo

91
Q

What is the most planted varietal on Lefkada

A

Vertzami

92
Q

Where would you find the island of Lefkada

A

In the Ionian Sea, close to mainland Greece

93
Q

What are the four island groups of the Aegean Sea

A

The Cyclades
The Dodecanese
The North Aegean
The Sporades

94
Q

How many major islands are the Cyclades

A

33

95
Q

What wind forms a major impact on the vineyards and climate of the Cyclades

A

The Meltemi

96
Q

What affect does the Meltemi have on the vineyards of the Cyclades islands

A

Stalls photosynthesis, extending the growing season and helping to reduce overripeness

97
Q

What is the most planted red varietal in the Cyclade islands

A

Mandilaria

98
Q

What is the main soil type of Santorini

A

Poor volcanic soil with little to no organic matter

99
Q

What is the common training method for vines in Santorini

A

Kouloura (Stefani)

100
Q

What is the most planted white varietal in Santorini PDO

A

Assyrtiko

101
Q

In addition to Assyrtiko, what other 2 white varietals are commonly planted

A

Athiri
Aidani

102
Q

What dessert wine is produced on Santorini PDO

A

Vinsanto

103
Q

What is the min. required percentage of Assyrtiko in Santorini PDO Vinsanto

A

Min. 51%

104
Q

What is the min. required percentage of Assyrtiko in Santorini PDO

A

Min. 85%

105
Q

What is Mezza

A

A red dessert wine produced from dried Mandilaria grapes on Santorini

106
Q

What are the soils of Paros

A

Sand
Loam
Limestone

107
Q

What is the authorized white varietal for Paros PDO

A

Monemvassia (min. 100%)

108
Q

What red wine is authorized for production in Paros PDO

A

Min. 35% Mandilaria co-fermented with Monemvassia must

109
Q

What style of wine is produced in Malvasia of Paros PDO and what are the blending laws

A

Sweet wine (fortification optional) of sun-dried grapes
Monemvasia with max. 15% Assyrtiko

110
Q

What is the largest and most viticultural significant island in the Dodecanese Islands

A

Rhodes

111
Q

What style of wine is common in Rhodes

A

Sparkling wine

112
Q

What is the min. percentage of Athiri required in Rhodes PDO white wines

A

Min. 70% Athiri

113
Q

What is the min. percentage of Mandilaria required in red and rose wines of Rhodes PDO

A

Min. 70%

114
Q

What is the dominant red grape of Rhodes PDO

A

Mandilaria

115
Q

What is the dominant white grape of Rhodes PDO

A

Athiri

116
Q

What is the varietal of Muscat of Rhodes

A

Muscat Blanc

117
Q

What is the authorized varietal of Samos PDO

A

Muscat Blanc

118
Q

What is the soil type of Samos

A

Granite

119
Q

What is the primary red and white varietal of Lemnos PDO

A

Limnio
Muscat of Alexandria

120
Q

What are the soils of Lemnos

A

Volcanic with rich limestone

121
Q

What is the white varietal of Pezza PDO

A

Vilana

122
Q

What are the two main red varietals of Pezza PDO

A

Kotsifali
Mandilaria

123
Q

What island is Pezza PDO located on

A

Crete

124
Q

What is the main soil type of Pezza PDO

A

Sand

125
Q

What is the white varietal of Archanes PDO

A

Vilana

126
Q

What are the two main red varietals of Archanes PDO

A

Kotsifali
Mandilaria

127
Q

What island is Archanes PDO located on

A

Crete

128
Q

What is the varietal of Daphnes PDO

A

Liatiko

129
Q

What are the blending laws for Candia PDO white wines

A

Min. 85% Vilana

130
Q

What are the two white varietals of Sitia PDO and the blending laws

A

Min. 75% Vilana with Thrapsathiri

131
Q

What is the sole authorized varietal for dessert wines produced in Sitia PDO

A

Liatiko

132
Q

What are the two sole PDOs in Greece with ‘Malvasia’ in the name that actually feature a Malvasia varietal

A

Malvasia Sitia PDO
Malvasia Candia PDO

133
Q

What is Marouvas

A

An oxidative red wine from the Romeiko grape on Crete

134
Q

What international red varietal is the base of some successful wines on Crete

A

Syrah

Advanced Sommelier Exam (35 decks)

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