Wildlife control measures Flashcards
Reasons for pest control
- damaged agricultural/horticultural crops
- damage to forestry nurseries and plantations
- damage to ecosystems that need to be conserved (flora and fauna)
- risk of predation of livestock and farmed fish
- risk of predation of game animals
- risk of predation of endangered wildlife
- risk of transmission of specific dz to livestock
- risk of zoonotic dz spreading to man
- damage to property
- consumption and contamination of stored feedstuffs
- risk of overpopulations (and emaciation) in the species
What is the major reservoir of alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis)?
urban foxes
What is the major reservoir of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hantavirus)?
rats
What is the major reservoir of lass fever (Arenaviridae virus)?
mice
What are the 3 key components in wildlife control programs?
- setting clearly define objectives
- deciding how to achieve those objectives
- monitoring the outcome of the plan
* goals should be transparent and defensible, even when outcomes are uncertain
List control strategies - damage control
- deterrents
- exclusion
List control strategies - pest control
- sustained destruction
- eradication
Give examples of deterrents
- noise emitters (bird scarer guns, ultrasound alarms(
- visual scarers (scarecrow)
- chemical repellents (copper acetate to repel sharks)
- habitat removal (roost removal around fruit farms)
- exclusion (electric fencing, vermin proof doorways)
- feed competition (encouraging competitors which are less of a pest, often not best method)
Give examples of pest control measures
- toxicants
- traps and snares
- introduced disease
- introduced predators
- hunting, shooting and fishing (bounties and recreational hunting)
How can the outcomes of wildlife control programs be monitored?
- kill rates (# removed in a given period)
- elimination rate (% removed in a given period)
- impact rate (improvement in the conserved resource, or change in pest population density)
What methods are used to measure kill rates/ elimination rate/ impact rate?
- catch rates
- scat density (i.e. faecal density)
- head counts/ plot occupancy
- feed removal/ activity at bait stations
- runway/ burrow opening counts
- impact assessment
What is the severity of welfare compromise (W)?
W = NIDC
- N = number of animals affected
- I = intensity of suffering
- D = duration of suffering
- C = capacity of animal to suffer
Give examples of toxicants
- 1080
- alpha chloralose
- ANTICOAGULANTS: brodifacoum, bromadiolone, pindone, racumin, warfarin
- bromethalin
- carbon monoxide
- chloropicrin
- cholecalciferol
- phosphorous
- potassium cyanide
- rotenone
- strychnine
- zinc phosphide
- DISCONTINUED: alpha napthylthiorurea, magnesium cyanide
What are concerns of ingested toxins?
MODE OF ACTION: intensity of suffering, duration of suffering
NON-TARGET POISONING
SECONDARY POISONING
SUB-LETHAL POISONING
Examples - live traps
- cage traps
- box traps
- nets
- pitfall traps
- leg snares
- leg-hold traps
- glue boards
