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PMVPH (round 2) > Underperformance in pigs and endemic disease in pigs > Flashcards

Underperformance in pigs and endemic disease in pigs Flashcards

1
Q

Which pig disease is about to become notifiable (December 2015)?

A

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) will become a notifiable disease next month - December 2015. Recently a lower pathogenic strain noted in Germany. Big in the USA. Not currently in UK. Causes up to 100% mortality in pre-weaned piglets over 6 weeks. This disease won’t be compensated (unlike FMDV). Reason for notifiable status is that good biosecurity prevents its spread.

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2
Q

What are markers of pig reproduction productivity?

A
  • litter size
  • # litters
  • pre-weaning mortality
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3
Q

What is AHDB?

A

= agricultural and horticultural development board. BPEX has become a part of this in recent years.

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4
Q

What was the aim of the Two Tonne Sow (2TS)?

A

to help English producers achieve an industry average of 2000kg of pig meat/sow/y by 2013.

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5
Q

What is the most expensive bit of a pig farm to run?

A

farrowing house

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6
Q

What proportion of production costs is pig feed?

A

55%

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of growth productivity?

A
  • raw materials
  • feed conversion
  • emissions
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8
Q

Define DAPP/ APP

A

(Deadweight) Average Pig price

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9
Q

Describe the GnRH vaccine

A
  • Improvac by Zoetis
  • 2 injections, 4 and 8 weeks before slaughter
  • reduces boar taint
  • form of chemical castration
  • reduces aggression
  • improves growth rate
  • improves quality of meat
  • currently farm assurance schemes (esp red tractor) don’t allow castration and don’t allow vaccination with Improvac
  • 97% farms are on a farm assurance schemes
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10
Q

What to consider with growth productivity?

A
  • kill out weight

- cost of production (as some point cost of production outweighs the benefit of growth)

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11
Q

How does days to slaughter affect productivity?

A
  • food conversion vs cost of feed
  • overhead costs
  • sex (male, female, castrate)
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12
Q

What are pig farmers paid on?

A

Pigs farmers paid on weight and back fat thickness. Both have ranges. Otherwise penalised if outside these ranges.

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13
Q

What should your target post-weaning mortality be?

A

Originally 3% but may be a little higher than this

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14
Q

What is pre-weaning mortality?

A
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15
Q

What is post-weaning mortality?

A
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16
Q

What is adult mortality target?

A
17
Q

What dictates carcass quality?

A
  • uniformity
  • fat depth/mm mass/ lean weight
  • underweight and overweight
18
Q

Describe the lean meat EU grade percentage

A 
The EUROP grading system
60% and above: S
55-59% E
50-54% U
45-49%
40-44% O
39% or less P
19
Q

What does P1/P2/P3 mean?

A

these are fat depths used to estimate lean meat percentage

20
Q

What is the average parity?

A

usually parity 7/8 depending on litter size (most profit in litter 3/4/5)

21
Q

T/F: sow milk yield is often neglected

A

True - ensure adquate water supply. Hungry pigs = noisy!!

22
Q

Pigs are weaned at how old? And what is the weight target at this age?

A

28 days (weight target at this age is 7kg)

23
Q

What recording systems of key?

A
  • feed/weight
  • output-weight and days to slaughter
  • abattoir payments (abscess, bursitis, other areas of carcass that is trimmed)
  • have and use a herd monitoring/recording programme (BPHS = british pig health scheme)
24
Q

What can seriously affect your feed intake?

A

rat colony eating the food.

25
Q

How do you ensure you have optimum FCR?

A
  • record FCR at all stages of production
  • appropriate investment (new buildings, feed systems, washing systems)
  • know the output capacity of your unit in kg of pig and work as close to that optimum as possible
  • make sure pigs have acesss to enough clean drinking water (water flow rates, height and type of delivery units, maintain cleanliness of drinkers, especially bowls).
26
Q

Outline phase feeding

A
27
Q

What will protein under-supply lead to?

A

–> fail to exploit lean growth potential

28
Q

What will protein over-supply lead to?

A

reduce growth and increase nitrogen excretion

29
Q

How is pork tenderness improved?

A

increasing growth rate

30
Q

What is a phase-feeding system?

A

the amount of protein relative to energy in the diet. could reduce feeding costs by b/w £0.54-£1.54/pig depending on cost of protein rich ingredients and slaughter weight.

31
Q

List impacts of disease

A
  • tx costs
  • vaccination costs
  • trimming out at abattoir
  • mortality (+ cost of empty places)
32
Q

Discuss Mycoplasma hyopneumonia

A
  • consolidation of cranial lung lobes
  • mild cough in uncomplicated cases
  • great economic importance as 30-80% pigs have lesions at slaughter trade
  • attacks ciliated epithelium of URT
33
Q

Effects - M. hyopneumoniae

A
  • weaned pigs (6-8 weeks old)
  • increased cough
  • decreased FCE
  • variance in growth
  • secondary infection (as mucociliary escalator not working - could lead to increased mortality)
34
Q

Outline PCV2

A
  • seen occasionally
  • subclinical disease
  • vaccines available (80% UK herds vaccinated)
  • immunosuppressive
  • usually chronic/ subclinical FCE, secondary infection
35
Q

What type of virus is PRRS?

A
  • RNA
  • ss
  • thus rapidly mutates
  • very immunosuppressive
  • lives in pulmonary alveolar macrophages
  • reproductive component
36
Q

Outline tx costs

A
  • in feed (new rules in Europe are likely to prohibit this)
  • in water
  • individuals (AMR, healthy animals eat/ unhealthy don’t, in severe disease there is no point of in feed medication, sick animals likely to still drink)
37
Q

How can welfare affect productivity?

A
  • food/kg of pork
  • more tx
  • higher mortality
  • increased days to slaughter
  • trimming at abattoir
  • lower carcass quality
  • meat for processing
38
Q

Questions to consider for revision

A

LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THESE TWO LECTURES:
- Pigs can under-perform in many ways. We often think about growth. what measures can we use to determine the growth of pigs
- how may endemic dz may impact growth. What other +++ (performance?) factors are impacted by disease?
- REVISION:
describe clinical features of one endemic disease and outline how it impacts performance.
- IF you don’t know take inspiration from other spp

PMVPH (round 2) (45 decks)

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