Tools for disease control

Question 1

List tools for disease control

Answer 1

• test and cull (FMD in 2001)
• vaccination
• movement restrictions
• compartmentalisation
• surveillance

Question 2

What diseases use the test and cull method?

Answer 2

• INDIVIDUAL LEVEL: bTB, Johne’s disease, PI BVD
• HERD LEVEL: FMD and BSE
• know sensitivity/specificity of test
• LOCAL LEVEL: FMD in 2001
• COUNTRY LEVEL: not really

Question 3

Who pays for a test and cull strategy?

Answer 3

• ENDEMIC: farmer
• EPIDEMIC: government
• ZOONOTIC: farmer/government

Question 4

Outline vaccination as a control strategy

Answer 4

• consider timing for seasonal dz
• strategically: buffer area (FMD), whole country (BTV), dependent on threat (NCD)
• level (herd, area/country)

Question 5

How effective is a vaccine in an endemic situation?

Answer 5

depends on vaccine:

• BVD/ leptospirosis: poor
• Salmonella: mediocre
• IBR/ clostridium: good

Question 6

What is important to consider with vaccination?

Answer 6

• could be a stage in test and cull
• DIVA
• availability of vaccine
• who pays for it?

Question 7

Outline movement restrictions

Answer 7

• animals (hosts) are best media to transport disease over a long period in time and long distance
• 72 hour standstill (FMD, CSF)
• bovine TB
• Brucella abortus

Question 8

What is zoneing?

Answer 8

• regionalisation or compartmentalisation
• when dz is mainly localised in an area and the movement restrictions can be lifted in the non-affected areas
• useful tool to keep restriction in one area
• and to release animals in another area

Question 9

What is surveillance?

Answer 9

the repeated measurement, recording and review of data related to the occurrence of events, such as disease

Question 10

What to do with data?

Answer 10

ACT ON IT!

• there is no point collecting data for its own sake
• farmers will pay for data collection provided they perceive and economic benefit doing so
• so the outcome for the farmer of disease surveillance is improved disease control