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PMVPH (round 2) > AM inspection > Flashcards

AM inspection Flashcards

1
Q

How many slaughterhouses are there?

A
  • 202 red meat England
  • 23 Wales
  • 31 Sctoalnd
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2
Q

How many sheep/pigs/ cattle/horses are slaughtered / month? Sep 15

A
  • 1.3 m sheep
  • 830,000 pigs
  • 142,000 cattle
  • 4515 horses
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3
Q

Objectives - antemortem (AM) inspection

A
  • detect any sign of any condition which might adversely affect human or animal health
  • enable OV to make decisions as to whether the animal can be slaughtered for human consumption
  • determine whether welfare has been compromised
  • determine whether any test should be carried out in relation to disease dx, for residues of veterinary medical products or contaminants
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4
Q

Define CCIR

A

Collection and Communication of inspection results

- provides feedback of PM rejections

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5
Q

Define MHI

A

Meat Hygiene Inspector

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6
Q

Define FCI

A

Food Hygiene Information

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7
Q

Define FBO. Roles?

A

Food Business Operator - farmer or abattoir manager/owner ensures passport and FCI received

  • animal ID
  • FCI availability
  • animal not coming from a holidng/area subject to restrictions (TB, brucellosis, BSE, avian influenza)
  • cleanliness of animals
  • animal health (as far as FBO can judge)
  • animal welfare
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8
Q

What is FCI ?

A

= food chain information

  • farmer should send prior to sending animal to abattoir
  • indicates farm health disease status, main vaccines, main treatments,
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9
Q

Action: in lairage, NAD

A

slaughter + PM inspection

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10
Q

What is abnormalities are detected in lairage?

A
  • reject = slaughtered and disposed as by-product
  • detained + detailed AM inspection
  • slaughtered with special precautions
  • delayed slaughter/ early slaughter
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11
Q

What to look for at AM inspection:

A
  • general appearance (emaciation)
  • abnormal behaviour (CNS problems, exhaustion)
  • trauma
  • deformation: hernia, neoplasia (EBL)
  • abnormal discharges
  • abnormal faeces
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12
Q

What if no animal ID is available or suspicious fraude?

A

total condemnation

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13
Q

What is a suspect animal?

A
  • CS of zoonosis
  • CS of dz/disorder that will make meat unfit for consumption
  • signs fatigue or stress
  • suspicion of illegal or unauthorised substance use
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14
Q

What are challenges of AM inspection?

A
  • practicalities: time, visual inspection only

- Medical problems: unspecific signs, subclinical infections

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15
Q

What is a veterinary health declaration?

A

PART A

  • reason for slaughter
  • therapy given
  • IM findings (infxn, generalised conditions)
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16
Q

T/F: organic farms always have withdrawal periods, even for drugs which have no withdrawal period on the datasheet

A

True

17
Q

What is included the health declaration part B?

A
  • completed by the owner/ FCI
  • tx received
  • TB and brucellosis status
  • farm restrictions
  • lab findings (foodbourne pathogens, residues)
18
Q

Describe conventional PM inspection

A
  • visual insection
  • palpation
  • incision of offals and carcass
  • to determine fitness of meat for human consumption
  • not effective to detect most microbiological hazards
19
Q

What is more modern PM method?

A
  • moving towards risk based approach

- takes into account: FCI and AM inspection findings

20
Q

Main aim - integrated abattoir veterinary controls

A

provide safe food of animal origin to final consumer

21
Q

Define MI

A

Meat Inspectors

22
Q

What is the oval health mark?

A
  • all meat fit for human consumption must have this
  • country
  • approval # slaughterhouse
  • traceability
  • assurance of food controls
  • food safety
23
Q

When is meat considered unfit for human consumption?

A
  • derived from animals slaughtered w/o AM inspection
  • derived from animals that failed AM inspection
  • offals or carcass have not undergone PM inspection
  • animal suffers from notifiable dz
  • animal suffers from zoonotic dz
  • does not meet microbiological criteria
  • generalised conditions
  • emaciation
  • residues, contaminants
  • IV radiation
  • FBs
  • poor bleeding
  • sexual taint (boar)
24
Q

What are the 3 categories of animal by-products (ABPs)

A
  • CATEGORY 1: highest risk to human/animal health (includes SRM)
  • CATEGORY 2: high risk to human/animal health
  • CATEGORY 3: low risk to human/animal health
25
Q

Define and list examples of edible by-products

A

= parts of slaughtered animals unsuitable for human consumption at time of production in the slaughter house but which can later be processed for use in human food

  • rendered animal fat and greaves (the unmeltable residue left after animal fat has been rendered)
  • treated stomachs, bladders and intestines
  • gelatine
  • collagen
26
Q

Outline Category 1 material (high risk)

A
  • stain with 0.5% patent Blue V and incinerated in licensed premises (except wild deer with bTB)
  • TSE related
  • diosins, lead contaminated meat
  • meat from animals tx with illegal substances
  • ruminants DOA
  • zoo and circus animal carcasses
  • carcasses of wild animals infected with zoonotic or animal pathogens
27
Q

Outline category 2 material (high risk)

A
  • risk for human and animal health
  • not fit for animal (or human consumption)
  • to be stained with BRILLIANT BLACK stain and RENDERED
    pigs and poultry DOAs (exempt from staining)
  • animals killed for dz control purposes
  • carcases or parts of carcases that may carry disease communicable to humans or animals
  • parts of carcase or offals which have not undergone PM inspection
  • manure (exempt from staining)
28
Q

Outline category 3 material (low risk)

A
  • not for human consumption
  • no staining required
  • can go directly for pet food (unfit eat w/o signs of disease communicable to humans or animal (e.g. livers with fluke or milk spots)
  • hides, skins, hooves, horns of animals which have passed AM and PM inspection
29
Q

Define rendering

A

high temperature and pressure treatment. Process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, value-added materials.

30
Q

When is the health mark withheld?

A

Failure of AM and/or PM inspection
• Presence of SRM (except Vertebral Column of bovines >
30 months)
• Carcases with visible contamination or gross pathology
• Where residues or contaminants are suspected
- Carcases produced in abattoir with a contaminated water
supply
→ if risk to public health exists
• Inadequate inspection facilities
→ inadequate inspection
• Meat declared by the OV to be unfit for human
consumption

31
Q

Examples - cat 1 materials

A
  • SRM (Specified Risk Material. SC and brain. Adult cattle and sheep)
  • entire bodies or parts of dead animals and carcases containing SRM at disposal
  • all body parts from animals infected (or suspected infected) with TSE
  • pets
  • zoo and circus animals
  • experimental animals
  • animals with prohibited chemical residues
  • sludge from waster water drain screenings in ruminant slaughterhouse where SRM removed
  • animals killed for SRM eradication measures
  • wild animals when suspected of infection with dz communicable to humans/animals (bTB in wild deer, Trichinella - wild boars)
  • containing environmental contaminants (beta-agonist, lead, dioxins)
  • mixture of cat 1 and cat 2 OR cat 1 and cat 3
32
Q

Examples - cat 2 materials

A
  • ABPs not included in cat 1/3 definitions
  • sludge from drain in non-ruminant slaghterhouses (as pigs/poultry don’t contain SRM)
  • manure and GIT contents
  • products containing residues of vet drugs or other contaminants exceeding permitted levels (beta-lactams, TCs, phenylbutazone)
  • animals that died (not included in cat 1)
  • material imported from 3rd countries of european member states which don’t comply with veterinary requirements of EU
  • animals that die other than by slaughter for human consumption (including those killed for dz control unless fall under cat 1)
  • presence of FBs (metal, plastic)
  • blood from any animal which has not passed AM inspection
  • mix cat 2 and cat 3 ABPs
33
Q

Examples - cat 3 materials

A

= by-producs from animals fit for human consumption but are not intended for human consumption for commerical reasons (e.g. bruised carcases, damage by hunting dogs)

  • carcases rejected as unfir for human consumption but don’t show any signs of dz communicable to humans/ animals
  • head of poultry
  • hides and skins, horns, feet, phalanges, carpus, metacarpal bones, tarsal and metatarsal bones of ruminants requiring TSE testing
  • from poultry and lagomorphs slaughtered on farm w/o signs of dz communicable to humans/animals
  • blood which didn’t show signs of communicable dz through blood after declared fit for slaughter for human consumptin
  • from products intended for human consumption (degreased bones and greaves)
  • animal or animal foodstuffs no longer intended for human consumption d/t commerical reasons or problems of manufacturing/packaging
  • blood, placent, wool, feathers, hair, horns and hoof cuts from live animals that didn’t show any signs of dz communicable
  • adipose tissue from animals w/o signs of dz communicable (humans, animal) which were slaughtered at slaughterhouse and considered fit for human consumption
34
Q

What are the staining requirements of cat 2 materials?

A
  • Black PN or Brilliant Black PN (except for blood, GIT contents and green offal)
  • cat 2 or 3 ABPs placed in container, the contents of which is mainly green offal, need not be stained, but this only refers to small quantities
35
Q

T/F: cat 2 ABPs may be consigned to recognised kennels and packs of hounds

A

True - the owner must have approval from APHA to obtain material from slaugtherhouse. The ABP must be labelled as ‘For feeding to (the species of animal intended)’

36
Q

T/F: all cat 3 ABPs must be despatched to plants authorised for this

A

False - cat 3 skins and hides may be returned to producers to their own premises after an animal has been taken to a slaughterhouse

PMVPH (round 2) (45 decks)

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