AM inspection Flashcards
1
Q
How many slaughterhouses are there?
A
- 202 red meat England
- 23 Wales
- 31 Sctoalnd
2
Q
How many sheep/pigs/ cattle/horses are slaughtered / month? Sep 15
A
- 1.3 m sheep
- 830,000 pigs
- 142,000 cattle
- 4515 horses
3
Q
Objectives - antemortem (AM) inspection
A
- detect any sign of any condition which might adversely affect human or animal health
- enable OV to make decisions as to whether the animal can be slaughtered for human consumption
- determine whether welfare has been compromised
- determine whether any test should be carried out in relation to disease dx, for residues of veterinary medical products or contaminants
4
Q
Define CCIR
A
Collection and Communication of inspection results
- provides feedback of PM rejections
5
Q
Define MHI
A
Meat Hygiene Inspector
6
Q
Define FCI
A
Food Hygiene Information
7
Q
Define FBO. Roles?
A
Food Business Operator - farmer or abattoir manager/owner ensures passport and FCI received
- animal ID
- FCI availability
- animal not coming from a holidng/area subject to restrictions (TB, brucellosis, BSE, avian influenza)
- cleanliness of animals
- animal health (as far as FBO can judge)
- animal welfare
8
Q
What is FCI ?
A
= food chain information
- farmer should send prior to sending animal to abattoir
- indicates farm health disease status, main vaccines, main treatments,
9
Q
Action: in lairage, NAD
A
slaughter + PM inspection
10
Q
What is abnormalities are detected in lairage?
A
- reject = slaughtered and disposed as by-product
- detained + detailed AM inspection
- slaughtered with special precautions
- delayed slaughter/ early slaughter
11
Q
What to look for at AM inspection:
A
- general appearance (emaciation)
- abnormal behaviour (CNS problems, exhaustion)
- trauma
- deformation: hernia, neoplasia (EBL)
- abnormal discharges
- abnormal faeces
12
Q
What if no animal ID is available or suspicious fraude?
A
total condemnation
13
Q
What is a suspect animal?
A
- CS of zoonosis
- CS of dz/disorder that will make meat unfit for consumption
- signs fatigue or stress
- suspicion of illegal or unauthorised substance use
14
Q
What are challenges of AM inspection?
A
- practicalities: time, visual inspection only
- Medical problems: unspecific signs, subclinical infections
15
Q
What is a veterinary health declaration?
A
PART A
- reason for slaughter
- therapy given
- IM findings (infxn, generalised conditions)
16
Q
T/F: organic farms always have withdrawal periods, even for drugs which have no withdrawal period on the datasheet
A
True
17
Q
What is included the health declaration part B?
A
- completed by the owner/ FCI
- tx received
- TB and brucellosis status
- farm restrictions
- lab findings (foodbourne pathogens, residues)
18
Q
Describe conventional PM inspection
A
- visual insection
- palpation
- incision of offals and carcass
- to determine fitness of meat for human consumption
- not effective to detect most microbiological hazards
19
Q
What is more modern PM method?
A
- moving towards risk based approach
- takes into account: FCI and AM inspection findings
20
Q
Main aim - integrated abattoir veterinary controls
A
provide safe food of animal origin to final consumer
21
Q
Define MI
A
Meat Inspectors
22
Q
What is the oval health mark?
A
- all meat fit for human consumption must have this
- country
- approval # slaughterhouse
- traceability
- assurance of food controls
- food safety
23
Q
When is meat considered unfit for human consumption?
A
- derived from animals slaughtered w/o AM inspection
- derived from animals that failed AM inspection
- offals or carcass have not undergone PM inspection
- animal suffers from notifiable dz
- animal suffers from zoonotic dz
- does not meet microbiological criteria
- generalised conditions
- emaciation
- residues, contaminants
- IV radiation
- FBs
- poor bleeding
- sexual taint (boar)
24
Q
What are the 3 categories of animal by-products (ABPs)
A
- CATEGORY 1: highest risk to human/animal health (includes SRM)
- CATEGORY 2: high risk to human/animal health
- CATEGORY 3: low risk to human/animal health
25
Define and list examples of edible by-products
= parts of slaughtered animals unsuitable for human consumption at time of production in the slaughter house but which can later be processed for use in human food
- rendered animal fat and greaves (the unmeltable residue left after animal fat has been rendered)
- treated stomachs, bladders and intestines
- gelatine
- collagen
26
Outline Category 1 material (high risk)
- stain with 0.5% patent Blue V and incinerated in licensed premises (except wild deer with bTB)
- TSE related
- diosins, lead contaminated meat
- meat from animals tx with illegal substances
- ruminants DOA
- zoo and circus animal carcasses
- carcasses of wild animals infected with zoonotic or animal pathogens
27
Outline category 2 material (high risk)
- risk for human and animal health
- not fit for animal (or human consumption)
- to be stained with BRILLIANT BLACK stain and RENDERED
pigs and poultry DOAs (exempt from staining)
- animals killed for dz control purposes
- carcases or parts of carcases that may carry disease communicable to humans or animals
- parts of carcase or offals which have not undergone PM inspection
- manure (exempt from staining)
28
Outline category 3 material (low risk)
- not for human consumption
- no staining required
- can go directly for pet food (unfit eat w/o signs of disease communicable to humans or animal (e.g. livers with fluke or milk spots)
- hides, skins, hooves, horns of animals which have passed AM and PM inspection
29
Define rendering
high temperature and pressure treatment. Process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, value-added materials.
30
When is the health mark withheld?
Failure of AM and/or PM inspection
• Presence of SRM (except Vertebral Column of bovines >
30 months)
• Carcases with visible contamination or gross pathology
• Where residues or contaminants are suspected
- Carcases produced in abattoir with a contaminated water
supply
→ if risk to public health exists
• Inadequate inspection facilities
→ inadequate inspection
• Meat declared by the OV to be unfit for human
consumption
31
Examples - cat 1 materials
- SRM (Specified Risk Material. SC and brain. Adult cattle and sheep)
- entire bodies or parts of dead animals and carcases containing SRM at disposal
- all body parts from animals infected (or suspected infected) with TSE
- pets
- zoo and circus animals
- experimental animals
- animals with prohibited chemical residues
- sludge from waster water drain screenings in ruminant slaughterhouse where SRM removed
- animals killed for SRM eradication measures
- wild animals when suspected of infection with dz communicable to humans/animals (bTB in wild deer, Trichinella - wild boars)
- containing environmental contaminants (beta-agonist, lead, dioxins)
- mixture of cat 1 and cat 2 OR cat 1 and cat 3
32
Examples - cat 2 materials
- ABPs not included in cat 1/3 definitions
- sludge from drain in non-ruminant slaghterhouses (as pigs/poultry don't contain SRM)
- manure and GIT contents
- products containing residues of vet drugs or other contaminants exceeding permitted levels (beta-lactams, TCs, phenylbutazone)
- animals that died (not included in cat 1)
- material imported from 3rd countries of european member states which don't comply with veterinary requirements of EU
- animals that die other than by slaughter for human consumption (including those killed for dz control unless fall under cat 1)
- presence of FBs (metal, plastic)
- blood from any animal which has not passed AM inspection
- mix cat 2 and cat 3 ABPs
33
Examples - cat 3 materials
= by-producs from animals fit for human consumption but are not intended for human consumption for commerical reasons (e.g. bruised carcases, damage by hunting dogs)
- carcases rejected as unfir for human consumption but don't show any signs of dz communicable to humans/ animals
- head of poultry
- hides and skins, horns, feet, phalanges, carpus, metacarpal bones, tarsal and metatarsal bones of ruminants requiring TSE testing
- from poultry and lagomorphs slaughtered on farm w/o signs of dz communicable to humans/animals
- blood which didn't show signs of communicable dz through blood after declared fit for slaughter for human consumptin
- from products intended for human consumption (degreased bones and greaves)
- animal or animal foodstuffs no longer intended for human consumption d/t commerical reasons or problems of manufacturing/packaging
- blood, placent, wool, feathers, hair, horns and hoof cuts from live animals that didn't show any signs of dz communicable
- adipose tissue from animals w/o signs of dz communicable (humans, animal) which were slaughtered at slaughterhouse and considered fit for human consumption
34
What are the staining requirements of cat 2 materials?
- Black PN or Brilliant Black PN (except for blood, GIT contents and green offal)
- cat 2 or 3 ABPs placed in container, the contents of which is mainly green offal, need not be stained, but this only refers to small quantities
35
T/F: cat 2 ABPs may be consigned to recognised kennels and packs of hounds
True - the owner must have approval from APHA to obtain material from slaugtherhouse. The ABP must be labelled as 'For feeding to (the species of animal intended)'
36
T/F: all cat 3 ABPs must be despatched to plants authorised for this
False - cat 3 skins and hides may be returned to producers to their own premises after an animal has been taken to a slaughterhouse
