Industrial level risk managment Flashcards

1
Q

Component - risk management of animal derived food

A
  • risk management during harvesting of meat/ilk
  • other elements (traceability, microbiological criteria, enforcement of leglisatlion, verification auditing, role of consumer)
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2
Q

Components of risk management at post-harvest level

A
  • legislative framework

- food safety management systems

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3
Q

T/F: farmers aren’t required by law to implement measures by HACCP system/based on HACCP principles

A

True - but farmers are responsible to decrease milk contamination

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4
Q

What is management of food safety in abattoirs based on?

A

HACCP

Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) (this includes GHP)

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5
Q

What are the key issues to be considered to protect milk from contamination?

A
  • animal health
  • animal cleanliness
  • milking area and milking process
  • equipment, milk storage, staff
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6
Q

Define microbiological criterion

A

defines ACCEPTABILITY of product or process

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7
Q

Define Food Safety Criterion

A

defines acceptability of product to be put on the MARKET

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8
Q

Define traceability. How does tracing forward and tracing backward work?

A

= the possibility to ID and follow a food item along the food chain

  • TRACING FORWARD: recall of products
  • TRACING BACKWARD: ID of the source of problem (record keeping)
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9
Q

Which group enforces legislation, verification and auditing?

A

role of FSA

  • involves:
  • meat premises
  • premises used for production of raw milk for human consumption
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10
Q

What do Environmental Health Officers do?

A

hand complaints about food quality, hygiene and safety. Their responsibilities include:

  • inspecting business for food hygiene and food standard
  • following up complaints about food quality, hygiene and safety
  • collection of samples for lab testing
  • advising the community
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11
Q

Outline risk management by the consumer

A
  • FSA’s 4C strategy to promote the safe handling of food in the home using the 4Cs food hygiene measures:
  • cooking, cleaning, cooling and avoiding cross-contamination
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12
Q

What are the 3 basic EU food hygiene regulations?

A
  • hygiene of foodstuffs (EC 852/2004)
  • laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin (EC 853/2004)
  • laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption (EC 854/2004)
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13
Q

What does Regulation (EC) no 853/2004 detail?

A
  • laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin
  • includes: temperature requirements (cooling of milk until processing), heat tx requirements (must comply with guidelines), requirements for the manufacture of egg products
  • lays downs requirements for establishments handling, preparing or producing products of animal origin
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14
Q

T/F: from 1st January 2006, new EU food hygiene legislation has been applied throughout UK

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: FBOs are legally required to implement and maintain hygiene procedures based on HACCP principles

A

True - they need to think about what can go wrong with the food they sell and implement a system based on HACCP to mitigate risks and manage food safety. The FSA has produced a # of food safety management packs to help small businesses implementing these systems (safer food better business).

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16
Q

What is the most common factor involved in outbreak?

A

temperature misuse

17
Q

What is the temperature danger zone?

A

Food in this range experiences rapid growth of bacteria (thus avoid 5-60 degrees)

18
Q

What is the most important reason to keep pasteurised milk and dairy products refrigerated?

A

Bacillus cereus produces toxins at 5 degrees +

19
Q

Describe norovirus outbreaks

A
  • sometimes very large but with low mortality
  • often associated with consumption of fish or shellfish
  • often oysters as they aren’t cooked (served raw)
20
Q

What does rapid cooling after cooking do?

A

prevent proliferation adn toxin production:

  • S. aureus
  • B. cereus
  • C. perfringens
21
Q

Describe the re-heating of food

A
  • Re-heat to at least 75 degrees to kill vegetative cells:
  • B. cereus
  • C. perfringens
22
Q

Outline water strategy

A

Risk management for:

  • Campylobacter
  • Vibrio
23
Q

Discuss personal hygiene measures

A
EXCLUDE INFECTED OR CARRIER INDIVIDUALS FROM HANDLING FOOD:
- Salmonella
- S. aureus
- Shigella
APPLY HYGIENE MEASURES:
- washing of hands
- wearing gloves
- wearing protective clothing
- wearing hair nets
- targeted at S.aureus
24
Q

Discuss methods to avoid cross-contamination

A
  • PATHWAYS: hands, knives, equipment, surfaces
  • particularly CRITICAL after heat tx
  • Preventive measures: cleaning of hands and equipment after handling raw material and b/w batches, disinfection of equipment, keep cooked and raw food separately
25
Describe risk management strategies of retailes
- support from FSA: - ;safer food, better business' (SFBB) for caterers and care homes - guidelines to food hygiene and management
26
Describe compulsory salmonella control programmes in poultry industry - breeding chicken flocks
- longest established - compulsory testing for Salmonella - if positive (S. enteritidis or S.typhimurium) flock slaughtered - UK chicken breeding sector effectively free of S. enteritidis and S.typhimuium
27
Describe compulsory salmonella control programmes in poultry industry - laying flocks
- vaccination | - 2013: 3 flocks positive out of 3991
28
Describe compulsory salmonella control programmes in poultry industry - broiler flocks
- code of practice - testing before slaughter followed by cleaning, disinfection and monitoring when positive results found - 2013: prevalence of target serovars in broiler flocks was 0.1%.
29
Describe compulsory salmonella control programmes in poultry industry - breeding and fattening turkey flocks
- started in 2010 - samling and testing following by cleaning, disinfection and monitoring when positive results found - 2013: prevalence of target serovars was 0.1% in fattening flocks
30
Explain the lion quality stamp
- eggs produced to highest standards of food safety - launched 1998 - compulsory vaccination against S> enteritidis of all pullets destined for egg-producers, independent auditing, improved traceability and a best before date (egg and pack) - on-farm and packing station hygiene controls - >90% UK eggs are produced to these standards - guaranteed to be british (hens and eggs) - registration adn a unique 'passport' syste ensures complete traceability of hens, eggs and feeds - regular egg testing - stamped on farm with farm code and production method
31
Outline the Zoonoses National Control Programme for Salmonella in pigs
- established in 2008 - whole chain risk management - monitoring by estimating prevalence on carcasses on abattoirs
32
Differentiate use by date and best before end date
- use by date: refers to food hygiene | - best before end date: refers to quality
33
Which age group of people has the lowest proportion of people who would NEVER eat particular foods after their use by/ best before date?
- 55yo+ (grew up w/o best before dates etc) | - but this age group is more at risk of becoming ill with food borne pathogens