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PMVPH (round 2) > PM inspection > Flashcards

PM inspection Flashcards

1
Q

Is there a PH risk with terminal emphysema?

A

No(just bubblewrap texture is not appealing for humans) - not contagious but a physiological response - goes for petfood - causes: acute resp distress (slaughter specially on welfare grounds), fog fever, toxicities

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2
Q

Is there a PH risk with simple pericarditis?

A
  • often no CS - reject heart as cat 3 - if carcase ok, then can go for human consumption. - if pyrexic -> reject as pyrexic carcases don’t bleed well
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3
Q

Is there a PH risk with endocarditis in RHS hear?

A
  • as in RHS, origin is elsewhere in body –> look for focus of infection - if pyaemia –> reject whole carcase (often pyaemic embolus in lungs) - if carcase ok –> reject as cat 2 (may be infective for dogs so must be tx before going for pet food)
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4
Q

What are the main causes for cranial pneumonia in cattle?

A
  • viruses (e.g. syncytial virus, BVD, IBR) or mycoplasma - usually carcasss normal so just reject lung
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5
Q

What is the parasitic cyst in cattle lungs?

A

Echinoccous granulosus

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6
Q

Is eating livers with fluke a risk for PH?

A
  • no, it is zoonotic but infection is not through meat - human infected if swim in water with miracids (infective stage) or eat contaminated watercress
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7
Q

Appearance - lungworm

A
  • rice noodle appearance in bronchus - caudal lobe consolidation - can enter food chain
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8
Q

Describe diffuse fatty change

A
  • appearance like small animal fatty liver - category 3 –> pet food
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9
Q

What are common causes of liver abscess in adult cattle? What happens to the liver?

A
  • traumatic reticulitis and ruminitis commonest causes - in young animals (joint ill) - Category 2 meat
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10
Q

Describe amyloidosis kidney, Fit for human consumption?

A
  • v dense - yellow - amyloid accumulates in cortical area - usually 2ry to something pyaemic (abscess, reticulitis) - animal looses function of kidney - NOT fit for consumption - abnormal appearance so category 3 low risk
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11
Q

Outline interstitial nephritis

A
  • secondary to infection - nephron damage - if carcase normal (kidneys –> pets, carcase fine unless leptospirosis –> reject whole carcase) - just reject kidney, rest of carcase fine - usually d/t UTI (especially females)
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12
Q

Outline renal cysts

A
  • category 3 - no risk whatsoever, just not a nice flavour
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13
Q

Describe rump abscess

A
  • d/t injection (remember always use neck or back as lower quality meat) - whole rump –> cat 2 - rest of carcase fine as fit for human consumption
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14
Q

Are newborn animals fit for human consumption?

A

No, only when navel has dried out (2-3 wks old)

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15
Q

What is the most popular meat consumed in UK?

A
  • poultry - 78 white meat abattoris in UK - 4 wales - 7 scotland
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16
Q

What is monthly poultry slaughter figures?

A

70,000,000 broilers (105,000 tonnes)

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17
Q

At what age of commerical broilers slaughtered?

A

5-7 weeks (farmers operate in 2 month cycles). Organic can only be slaughtered if 81 days or older and can breed. Slow growing breeds only.

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18
Q

Outline the process of a poultry slaughterhouse. Where are the 2 OV inspection points?

A

AM inspection (OV) –> shackling –> stunning (gas) –> bleeding –> water bath (54-55 degrees, 3-4 minutes, removes feathers) –> plucking (1st PM inspection point) –> evisceration (2nd PM inspection point)

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19
Q

Commonest cause of DOA in poultry

A

Heart failure

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20
Q

FSA check at AM inspection

A
  • animal ID - animal welfare - conditions
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21
Q

For poultry, you take a random sample at AM inspection adn inspect what?

A
  • posture - respiratory conditions - cleanliness (dirty feathers) - wattle colour - FCI
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22
Q

T/:F AM inspection can also be performed at farm of origin for poultry

A

True (but must be performed within 24 hours of slaughter, otherwise repeat AM inspection)

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23
Q

How would you deal with a salmonella-positive batch (FCI evidence)?

A

slaughter last of day to prevent contamination unless animals are very sick then reject both

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24
Q

Interventions to decrease risk of salmonella

A
  • mass vaccination - compulsory slaughter - disinfection process
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25
Q

Outline PM inspection

A

OV DUTIES: - daily inspection of a representative sample of birds (viscera and body cavities) - thorough inspection of random sample f birds rejected every batch - investigate potential causes of carcasses unfit for human consumption (residues, contaminants) - health certificate checks of birds for ‘foie gras’ production or delayed evisceration poultry (note - slaughtered at farm)

26
Q

What is waterbelly?

A
  • DOA (probably HF) - category 2 (never fit for human consumption) - liver/BV/mm congestion
27
Q

What is Oregon disease?

A
  • deep pectoral myopathy - d/t fast growth rate - mm necrosis d/t ischaemia as heart/lungs can do this - reject affected part, use rest of carcase (partial condemnation - trimming) = discolouration of supracoricoideus mm
28
Q

Effect of E.coli infection –> pericarditis and perihepatitis

A

reject whole carcase

29
Q

Action: water belly / ascites carcase

A
  • reject whole carcase as cat 2 - if you think physiological and not infected –> cat 3
30
Q

What are the main causes for fractures and bruising in poultry observed at slaughter?

A

catching and poor hanging technique

31
Q

What are the main causes for fractures and bruising in poultry at farm level?

A
  • thinning - catching - trauma by other birds - poor housing design
32
Q

Action - pericarditis

A
  • reject offal - usually people can’t be bothered to do this so whole carcase rejected
33
Q

Overscalding (left in hot water tank too long) - action

A
  • if cooking nuggets - if cooking > 2mm, not fit for human consumption - cat 3
34
Q

What is a breast blister?

A
  • welfare issue? - heavier birds - usually always lying down - trim - if too deep –> reject carcase
35
Q

Outline coliform cellulitis.

A
  • if wet/diffuse - reject whole carcase - cat. 2 - if dry/localised - cut out affected area, cat 3 or fit for human consumption - AGENT = E.coli
36
Q

Outline F.hepatica human infection cycle

A
37
Q

Causes - withhold of hte health mark

A
  • failure of AM and/or PM inspection - presence of SRM (except vertebral column of bovines > 30 months) - carcases with visible contamination or gross pathology - where residues/contaminants are suspected - carcases produced in abattoir with contaminated water supply (if risk to PH exists) - inadequate inspection facilities/ inspection - meat declared by OV to be unfit for human consumption
38
Q

Name SRM to be removed from carcass - all ages - cattle

A
  • tonsils - last 4m of small intestine - caecum - mesentery
39
Q

Cattle - > 12months - SRM

A
  • skull excluding mandible, inclyding brain, eyes and SC
40
Q

Cattle > 30 months SRM

A

Vertebral column including DRG but excluding: - tail vertebrae - spinous and transverse process of C/T/L vertebrae - median sacral crest and wings of sacrum

41
Q

SRM - sheep/goats - all ages

A
  • spleen - ileum (to ensure all removed, approx 60cm of terminal SU should be removed and disposed from ileocaecal junction, upwards and away from caecum)
42
Q

SRM - sheep/goats >12 months (or permanent incisor erupted)

A
  • skull including brain, eyes, tonsils, SC - skull doesn’t include horns
43
Q

Describe disposal of category 1 ABPs

A

incineration in registered plant

44
Q

Define ABP

A

Animal By Product

45
Q

Method of disposal of cat 2 ABP

A

incineration, after heat treatment: fertiliser, biogas or compost

46
Q

Method of disposal of cat 3 ABPs

A

incineration, petfood, technical use, biogas, compost

47
Q

Common causes for DOAs/DILs in poultry

A
  • CHF - trauma crates/handling SPIKES IN MORTALITY RATE: - thermal stress - transport - abattoir - stress (poor handling) - infectious disease (HPAI strains)
48
Q

Decision - pericarditis, peri-hepatitis and peritonitis in poultry

A

Total condemnation (systemic) - cause mainly infectioys

49
Q

Outline poultry pericarditis

A
  • can occur early in life or later (growing) - E.coli or Salmonella often subsequent to viral respiratory dz challenege
50
Q

Outline perihepatitis in poultry

A

d/t E.coli infection, less frequently salmonella

51
Q

Outline peritonitis in poultry

A
  • may be secondary to previous condition (trauma, salpingitis, enteritis or hepatitis) - for end of lay hens often find ‘egg peritonitis’ - E.coli most commonly, Pasteurella may also be found
52
Q

Cause - oregon’s dz

A

= deep pectoral myopathy - in periods of intense muscular activity there is an occlusion of the blood supply resulting in blood remaining trapped on the muscle and no oxygen is received.

53
Q

What is many birds have oregon’s dz?

A

farmer to be notified for farm investigation

54
Q

Decision - oregon’s disease?

A
  • partial condemnation (trim affected part) - discolouration of supracoricoideus.
55
Q

Main causes - fx and brusing in poultry observed at slaughter

A
  • poor farm welfare - catching teams poorly trained - catching machines poorly maintained - poor transportation/ crate maintenance - poor technique at uncrating and hanging on - poor line environment before reaching stunner * estimates state 90% bruising occurs within 12-24 h of slaugher
56
Q

Why are scalded carcases totally condemmed if >2mm cooked?

A
  • tissue more susceptible to bacterial growth, deterioration from bacteria and a reduced shelf life - carcases become sticky to the touch and the skin appearance is brighter and whiter
57
Q

What is a breast blisetr?

A

bursa inflamed by trauma or infxn, fluid accumulates and appears as a fluid filled blister 1-3cm diameter

58
Q

Causes - breast blister

A

TRAUMA TO THE BURSA: - poor feathering - hard flooring - leg weakness (increased time of sitting on keel or sternum) - coarse bedding materials or wet litter conditions - infectious (Mycoplasma synoviae, Staphylococcus and Pasteurella spp, either from local trauma (Staph) or as an extension of a systemic infection

59
Q

Causes - right sided heart failure in poultry causing ascites

A
  • high growth rate birds (most important) - inadequate ventilation (housing or incubation) - gelatinous nature of fluid is d/t mvt of plasma proteins from the blood and liver into the abdominal cavity in the later stages of the condition - not infectious in nature
60
Q

Causes - cellulitis

A
  • increased use of slow-feathering broilers with a prominent abdomen (birds more exposed to scratching) - higher density in sheds - higher litter humidity
61
Q

How are salmonella-positive batches dealt with?

A

(if FCI evidence from farm of origin) - birds to be slaughtered at end of production day/run - may be slaughtered first on welfare grounds - cleaning and disinfection of line after slaughter

62
Q

How likely are certain diseases to be picked up at slaughter and PM inspection?

A

PMVPH (round 2) (45 decks)

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