Why were the military orders established? Flashcards
Religious role in Outremer: What was the primary religious need in Outremer?
Pilgrims needed to be protected and treated when sick.
Religious role in Outremer: Who founded the Knights Templar?
Hugh of Payns and a small group of knights dedicated themselves to protecting Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land in 1119.
Religious role in Outremer: What was the significance of the Templars in Outremer?
They provided protection for unarmed pilgrims and were crucial as the Franks were a minority despite conquering land.
What was the original role of the Templars?
Hugh patrolled and protected the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem.
Religious role in Outremer: Where did the Templars receive their name?
They were given quarters in Jerusalem’s Aqsa mosque, which the Franks called the Temple of Solomon.
Religious role in Outremer: What is the origin of the Hospitallers?
The Hospitallers were recognized in 1113 and predate the crusades and the Templars.
Religious role in Outremer: What inspired the Hospitallers to reorganize as a military order?
They were inspired by the Templars.
Religious role in Outremer: What hospital did the Hospitallers run?
They ran the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem.
Religious role in Outremer: What was the impact of the European monastic reform movement?
It demonstrated the success of organized religious orders, influencing the Templars’ structure.
Religious role in Outremer: Who composed a treatise extolling the Templars’ virtues?
Bernard of Clairvaux composed ‘In Praise of the New Knighthood’ in 1130.
Military needs of the crusader states: What military challenges did the crusader states face?
They were outnumbered by the Shia Fatimids, Muslim Arabs, and Seljuk Turks, with unreliable support from minor crusades and Italian city states.
Military needs of the crusader states: What event emphasized the weakness of Outremer?
The huge military defeat at the Field of Blood in 1119.
Military needs of the crusader states: How did the Templars and Hospitallers address military needs?
They recruited experienced knights into their standing armies and garrisoned castles.
Fulfil the needs of lay piety: What was lay piety?
The religious devotion of ordinary people not in religious orders.
Fulfil the needs of lay piety: How could lay piety be expressed?
Through religiously sanctioned violence or charitable organizations dedicated to the poor.
