Survival Of Outremer 1098-1118 Flashcards
What territorial gains did Baldwin I achieve?
Baldwin I captured Arsuf and Caesarea in 1101, Acre in 1104, and added Beirut and Sidon in 1110. He also built the castle of Montreal in 1115 and constructed Scandalion in 1117.
What were Baldwin I’s military victories against the Fatimids?
Baldwin I defeated the Fatimids at the Battle of Ascalon in 1099, won the First Battle of Ramlah in 1101, and defeated them at the Third Battle of Ramlah in 1105.
What limitations did Baldwin I face during his reign?
Baldwin I suffered defeat at the Second Battle of Ramlah in 1102 and at the Battle of Al-Sannabra in 1113. He relied heavily on Italian fleets and faced a succession crisis after his death in 1118.
What military successes did Tancred achieve?
Tancred captured Tarsus, Adana, and Mamistra in 1101, expanded Antioch by taking Latakia in 1103, won a major victory over the Turks at Artah in 1105, and expanded Krak des Chevaliers in 1110.
How did Baldwin I demonstrate diplomacy and alliances?
Baldwin I arbitrated a dispute between Tancred and Raymond of Tripoli in 1109, married Morphia of Melitene in 1101 for Armenian support, and assisted Tancred in besieging Shaizar in 1111.
What financial strategies did Baldwin I employ?
Baldwin I used Genoese and Venetian fleets for military campaigns in exchange for trade concessions and captured key coastal cities to improve trade revenues.
How did Baldwin I incorporate indigenous populations?
Baldwin I encouraged Syrian Christians to resettle Jerusalem after its population was massacred in 1099.
What limitations did Tancred face during his leadership?
Tancred lost the Battle of Harran in 1104, which strained resources and morale, and faced internal disputes, such as his refusal to return Edessa to Baldwin II in 1108.
What internal divisions occurred in Outremer?
In 1108, Tancred allied with Ridwan of Aleppo against Baldwin II, causing division among Christian forces and delaying military actions.
What external threats did Outremer face?
The Seljuks defeated a combined Crusader force at the Battle of Harran in 1104, and Baldwin I was defeated at Al-Sannabra in 1113. Baldwin II faced consistent pressure from Muslim powers in 1118.
What limitations did Baldwin I face in terms of manpower?
Baldwin I had only 300 knights and 2,000 infantry after the First Crusade, and the Crusade of 1101 failed to bring significant reinforcements after being defeated at Mersivan.
What was the impact of Byzantine hostility on Outremer?
Byzantine hostility increased after Bohemond’s failed crusade and the Treaty of Devol in 1108.
