Why did people participate in the Second Crusade? Flashcards

1
Q

What social pressure arose after the fall of Edessa?

A

There was considerable social pressure on Western knights to avenge the new ‘wrongs’ done to Christians in the East.

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2
Q

What was the reaction in the West to the fall of Edessa in December 1144?

A

The news horrified the West and revived interest in crusading after a period of quiet.

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3
Q

What did the papal bull Quantum praedecessores call for?

A

It called for the Second Crusade, referencing the fall of Edessa and urging Christians to reclaim lost territory and defend the Eastern Church.

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4
Q

What did Eugenius III imply about the knights of Europe in Quantum praedecessores?

A

He suggested they would be lesser men than their fathers if they allowed the successes of the First Crusade to be lost.

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5
Q

When was Quantum praedecessores issued and to whom?

A

It was issued on 1 December 1145, addressed to Louis VII.

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6
Q

What spiritual incentives did Eugenius III mention in Quantum praedecessores?

A

He mentioned that Christians would obtain remission of sins and that the possessions of crusaders would be protected by the Church.

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7
Q

Who was asked to preach the crusade due to poor response?

A

Eugenius III asked Bernard of Clairvaux to preach the crusade.

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8
Q

What was Bernard of Clairvaux’s message during his tour?

A

He emphasized personal salvation and the opportunity presented to the current generation to seize a heaven-sent chance.

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9
Q

What was the nature of crusading participation for kings like Louis VII and Conrad III?

A

Crusading was theoretically voluntary, but the participation of kings pressured their barons and knights to join.

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10
Q

What motivated Louis VII to join the crusade?

A

He sought to secure penance and repair relations with the papacy, likely exploiting the fall of Edessa to advance existing plans.

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11
Q

When did Louis VII and his nobles ‘take the cross’?

A

On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1146, at Vezelay.

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12
Q

What was Conrad III’s initial stance on participating in the crusade?

A

He was initially reluctant due to turmoil within his lands.

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13
Q

What role did Bernard of Clairvaux play in Conrad III’s decision to crusade?

A

He resolved crises that allowed Conrad to take the cross.

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14
Q

What was Conrad III’s motivation for participating in the crusade?

A

He aimed to assert the role of the Holy Roman Emperor as the defender of Christendom.

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15
Q

What preparations did Conrad III make for the crusade?

A

He laid careful plans through the spring of 1147, sealed at an assembly at Aachen in March 1147.

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