Whiplash Flashcards
whiplash = _____-_____ mechanism of energy transfer to the neck
acceleration-deceleration
WAD grade __ = no symptoms or signs of neck injury
0
WAD grade __ = symptoms of neck injury but no signs
1
WAD grade __ = symptoms and objective signs of neck injury; no neurological signs; no fracture or dislocation
2
WAD grade __ = neck symptoms and peripheral neurological signs; no fracture or dislocation
3
Pt’s with ______ nerve injury will have slower recovery.
peripheral
WAD grade ___ = neck symptoms and cervical # and or dislocation confirmed with medical imaging
4
What are 3 key points in regards to cervical anatomy and injury biomechanics?
- Body type/activity level
- Direction of impact
- Magnitude of force and rate of application
What are 6 types of whiplash injury mechanisms?
- compression
- distraction
- extension
- flexion
- flexion/rotation
- rotation/translation
25
The weakest point of the disc is the ______.
endplate
What is the endplate?
attachment of inner rim of annulus fibrosis to hyaline cartilage
Is fracture essential to dislocation in flexion/rotation injuries?
No!
Associated _____ disc herniations are common in dislocation injuries.
posterior
There is a higher risk of vertebral artery injury with fracture of the ______ _____.
transverse foramen
What is the order in assessment of post-traumatic stress?
- use IES of PCL-C
- wait at least 4-6 weeks post injury
- discuss with client referral to psychologist or psychiatrist
- grade A
What is the order for an initial objective assessment for WAD?
- AROM (beginning with rotation; include upper extremities)
- Neural screens
- Stability tests
- Cervical arteries (rotation/extension)
- Passive mobility
- Palpation
How many trajectories are there in the risk factors for chronicity, based on an NDI score?
3
There is _______ evidence to support the use of modalities in acute WAD.
insufficient
There is ______ evidence to support the use of WAD in chronic neck pain.
moderate
What are 3 aims for therapeutic exercise principles for WAD?
- Upper quadrant mobility, flexibility
- Postural muscle re-education, activation, endurance, control with increased load
- Motor control with functional movement patterns
What are 3 therapeutic exercise principles for prescribing exercises?
- endurance
- strength
- tolerance for functional activities
FITT parameters for WAD?
F - 3-5 X / day
I - pain ok or not
T - (technique, purpose)
T - duration
Use a __________ approach when treating WAD.
biopsychosocial
