Whiplash

Question 1

whiplash = _____-_____ mechanism of energy transfer to the neck

Answer 1

acceleration-deceleration

Question 2

WAD grade __ = no symptoms or signs of neck injury

Answer 2

0

Question 3

WAD grade __ = symptoms of neck injury but no signs

Answer 3

1

Question 4

WAD grade __ = symptoms and objective signs of neck injury; no neurological signs; no fracture or dislocation

Answer 4

2

Question 5

WAD grade __ = neck symptoms and peripheral neurological signs; no fracture or dislocation

Answer 5

3

Question 6

Pt’s with ______ nerve injury will have slower recovery.

Answer 6

peripheral

Question 7

WAD grade ___ = neck symptoms and cervical # and or dislocation confirmed with medical imaging

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What are 3 key points in regards to cervical anatomy and injury biomechanics?

Answer 8

1. Body type/activity level
2. Direction of impact
3. Magnitude of force and rate of application

Question 9

What are 6 types of whiplash injury mechanisms?

Answer 9

1. compression
2. distraction
3. extension
4. flexion
5. flexion/rotation
6. rotation/translation

Answer 10

25

Question 11

The weakest point of the disc is the ______.

Answer 11

endplate

Question 12

What is the endplate?

Answer 12

attachment of inner rim of annulus fibrosis to hyaline cartilage

Question 13

Is fracture essential to dislocation in flexion/rotation injuries?

Answer 13

No!

Question 14

Associated _____ disc herniations are common in dislocation injuries.

Answer 14

posterior

Question 15

There is a higher risk of vertebral artery injury with fracture of the ______ _____.

Answer 15

transverse foramen

Question 16

What is the order in assessment of post-traumatic stress?

Answer 16

1. use IES of PCL-C
2. wait at least 4-6 weeks post injury
3. discuss with client referral to psychologist or psychiatrist
4. grade A

Question 17

What is the order for an initial objective assessment for WAD?

Answer 17

1. AROM (beginning with rotation; include upper extremities)
2. Neural screens
3. Stability tests
4. Cervical arteries (rotation/extension)
5. Passive mobility
6. Palpation

Question 18

How many trajectories are there in the risk factors for chronicity, based on an NDI score?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

There is _______ evidence to support the use of modalities in acute WAD.

Answer 19

insufficient

Question 20

There is ______ evidence to support the use of WAD in chronic neck pain.

Answer 20

moderate

Question 21

What are 3 aims for therapeutic exercise principles for WAD?

Answer 21

1. Upper quadrant mobility, flexibility
2. Postural muscle re-education, activation, endurance, control with increased load
3. Motor control with functional movement patterns

Question 22

What are 3 therapeutic exercise principles for prescribing exercises?

Answer 22

1. endurance
2. strength
3. tolerance for functional activities

Question 23

FITT parameters for WAD?

Answer 23

F - 3-5 X / day
I - pain ok or not
T - (technique, purpose)
T - duration

Question 24

Use a __________ approach when treating WAD.

Answer 24

biopsychosocial

Question 25

What are the 4 aspects of a biopsychosocial approach to treating WAD?

Answer 25

1. Education
2. Therapeutic exercise
3. Manual therapy
4. Modalities