Hydrotherapy Flashcards
Archimedes principle = ______ _____ is equal to the mass of fluid displaced by a submerged body
upward thrust
When standing in water, we are subjected to what two opposing forces?
- force of gravity
2. force of buoyancy
______ ______ = ratio of density of an object compared to mass of an equal volume of water
relative density
Is the relative density of the average human body greater or less than relative density of water? Does this RD value mean we tend to sink or float?1
LESS (barely); we will float just under the water r
What are the three types of buoyancy?
- assisted
- supported
- resisted
C of G = _______
metacentre
Where is the C of G located
slightly anterior to S2
C of B = within posterior ______.
thorax
_________ principle = opposing effects of gravity and buoyancy act as a force couple
metacentric
________ effect = a body seeking stable equilibrium will rotate until the CG and CG are vertically aligned
metacentric
The more _______ a pt is the more rotation
asymmetric
_______ law = pressure is exerted equally on all surfaces of an immersed body at rest and at a given depth
Pascals’
Pressure increases in the water with depth by ___ psi/foot
.43
Hydrostatic pressure (increases/decreases) distal swelling and (increases/decresases) venous return and central blood volume.
decreases; increases
Hydrostatic pressure causes (increased/decreased) resistance to inspiration.
increased
Density of water is ___x that of air
800
As speed of movement in water increases, resistance (increases/decreases)
increases
_____ = created by differences in the water pressure between the front and back of an object as it moves through the water
drag
The effect of drag is that pressure increases at the ___ of the object and decreases at the ____.
front; rear
As speed increases, resistance increases by a __:__ ration.
1:4
What are the two ways to alter the resistance of the water?
- Laminar
2. Turbulent
______ = continuous steady movement of fluid, rate of movement at a fixed point is constant
laminar
______ = irregular movement of a fluid, rate of movement at a fixed point varies
turbulent
Water is an efficient heat ______, and transfer heat __x faster than air
conductor; 25
At rest humans in water will gain or lost heat very quickly if water temp is not at thermoneutral (__-__ degrees celsius)
33-35
______ = transfer of heat directly from one medium to another r
conduction
______ = transfer of heat through movement of a fluid against a body
convection
_____ ______ = molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface
surface tension
Beware of movements that continually/repeatedly break the ______ _____, they will be abrupt and disrupted.
surface tension
What are the 3 types of buoyancy movements, and what muscle strength do they use?
- assisted (<3/5)
- supported (=3/5)
- resisted (>3/5)
Does immersion in water at rest increase or decrease blood pressure? Stroke volume? Heart rate?
decrease; increase; decrease
Does immersion in water at rest increase or decrease vital capacity? Work of breathing?
decrease; increase
Immersion in water at rest = ____ blood supply to muscle as hydrostatic pressure removes the biological need for _______ vasoconstriction of muscle blood vessels.
increase; sympathetic
Immersion in water at rest = Increase in O2 and metabolic waste product removal by over ____%
200
Immersion in water at rest inhibits spastic muscles (T/F).
TRUE
Immersion in water at rest ____ blood flow to kidneys, and increases urine output. Why?
increases; due to sodium loss, potassium
Renal responses increase with increases _____ of immersion and in _____ water.
depth; cold
Energy expenditure is related to _________ principles and overcoming drag rather than moving body weight.
hydrodynamic
Water exercise training and land exercise training at the same level of intensity will produce similar improvement in VO2 max, decreases in HR and decreases in BP, and HR and VO2 levels during training are very similar (T/F).
FALSE ; HR and VO2 levels during training differ markedly
Is water or land based exercise superior for tot’s with knee OA?
WATEER
In water, the effect of inertia is added to other effects from _______.
viscosity
Is the action/reaction force more or less apparent in the water?
more
Long _____ can be used to increase intensity in water exercises
levers
Frontal resistance results from the _______ forces of the water
horizontal
In water, _____ is not the primary force acting on the body because the vertical downward pull of gravity is offset by the upward vertical force of ______.
gravity; buoyancy
