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PHTH 545 > ESTIM/TENS for pain > Flashcards

ESTIM/TENS for pain Flashcards

1
Q

TES = ______ term

A

umbrella

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2
Q

______ = intensity in milliamp or microamp

A

amperage

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3
Q

Does TENS have high or low voltage?

A

Lows

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4
Q

______ = rate or pulses per second

A

frequency

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5
Q

Does TENS have a low or high frequency rate

A

low

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6
Q

Microcurrent:

  • voltage?
  • carrying frequency?
  • intensity?
A

low; low; lowest (subsensory)

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7
Q

TENS:

  • voltage?
  • carrying frequency?
  • intensity?
A

low; low; low

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8
Q

IFC:

  • voltage?
  • carrying frequency?
  • intensity?
A

low; medium; medium

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9
Q

HVPC:

  • voltage?
  • carrying frequency?
  • intensity?
A

high; low; high peak but low avg

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10
Q

segmental mechanisms = ascending gating; presynaptic inhibition of __ cells by activation of __ ____ fibres in preference to A delta or C fibers

A

T; A beta

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11
Q

Ascending gating is theoretically best achieved by using ___ frequency, ____ intensity

A

high; low (AKA conventional TENS!)

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12
Q

_______ _______ = descending gating

A

extrasegmental mechanisms

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13
Q

In descending gating, stimulation of __ ____ fibers may provoke impulses at the midbrain which travel down SC to inhibit nociceptors (release endorphins)

A

A delta

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14
Q

A delta stim releases ____ to inhibit C fiber activity (morphine like effect)

A

enkephalins

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15
Q

Motor level stimulation releases _____

A

dynorphins

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16
Q

Extrasegmental effects are theoretically best evoked by ___ frequency, ___ intensity pulses (aka AL-TENS)

A

low; high

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17
Q

TENS activate ____ and ______ receptors

A

opiod; serotonin

18
Q

Low frequency TENS increases ______ concentration during and immediately after Rx, whereas high frequency does not

A

serotonin

19
Q

Ion channels have a (long/short) lifespan

A

short

20
Q

One type of ion channel can be replaced by another (T/F)

A

TRUE

21
Q

EPA’s can be used to help enable ____ experience of movement with less pain in order to normalize movement

A

positive

22
Q

4 reasons to use Estim/TENS to treat acute, sub acute and persistent pain?

A
  1. relatively safe with very limited side effects
  2. there is evidence to supports physiological effects
  3. evidence to support its effectiveness in many situations at specific parameters
  4. easy to apply
23
Q

2 adverse reactions to estim?

A
  1. skin irritation

2. skin burns

24
Q

Smaller electrodes = higher ____ _____

A

current density

25
Q

The farther apart the electrodes the _____ the effect

A

deeper

26
Q

Conventional TENS parameters?

A

~80-150Hz, ~ 60microsec, intensity to comfortable tingle; modulated

27
Q

AL-TENS parameters?

A

~10Hz, ~200 microsec, intensity to muscle twitch, modulated

28
Q

Is conventional or AL TENS Rx times longer?

A

AL

29
Q

You should alternate high and low frequency (T/F).

A

TRUE

30
Q

You should use TENS daily

A

FALSE (opiod tolerance)

31
Q

4 outcome measures you could use with TENS?

A
  1. VAS
  2. NPRS
  3. Pain thermometer
  4. disease specific scales
32
Q

What are 3 separate outcomes of TENS?

A
  1. pain relief
  2. distraction from pain
  3. reduction in sensations associated with muscle tension/spasm
33
Q

Need to evaluated TENS using more than a ________ pain scale

A

unidimensional

34
Q

TENS inhibits the _______ activities of various pain-related areas

A

cortical

35
Q

TENS reduces acute pain more than placebo (T/F)

A

TRUE

36
Q

Setting intensity based on subjective perception alone is _______ and requires objective standardization

A

unreliable

37
Q

Adjusting pulse amplitude during Rx often used to prevent accommodation, but may not improve pain reduction (T/F)

A

TRUE

38
Q

Different ____ of TENS appear to have different benefits

A

modes

39
Q

Burst tens can reduce ___ ___ pain

A

long term

40
Q

Is electrode location important ?

A

YES

PHTH 545 (23 decks)

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