Inflammation Flashcards
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
- heat
- redness
- swelling
- pain
- loss of function
An inflammatory environment is sensed by the ______ ______ ____
peripheral nervous system
When dealing with inflammation, we are trying to minimize the _______ damage and renew the original structure
collateral
Heat in inflammation is due to increased _______ activity
cellular
Redness in inflammation is due to ________ (increase in blood flow - ________)
vasodilation; hyperaemia
Swelling in inflammation is due to increased ______ and ______
permeability; vasodilation
There is increased size of ___ junctions in vessel membrane due to inflammation
gap
The increased fluid and molecules (_____) into tissues from vessels retells in increased ______ pressure in tissues and increased ______ pressure in vessel
proteins; osmatic; hydrostatic
Osmotic pressure = _____ whereas hydrostatic pressure = ______
pulling; pushing
Hydrostatic pressure is generate by _______ force
systolic
Edema includes fluid and the _______ tissue
necrotic
There is ____ evidence that ice is effective for pain and ____ evidence that it attenuates secondary cell death
strong; moderate
How does ice attenuate secondary cell death (if indeed it does)?
by reducing cell metabolism and neutrophil activity
Compression increases pressure in tissue to counteract ______ pressure in vessel
hydrostatic
Elevation is to reduce _______ pressure in vessel
hydrostatic
Is there heat and redness in edema ?
no
What is the goal when working with edema?
to reduce the viscosity
What are 4 ways to reduce the viscosity of edema?
- soft tissue massage
- estim
- muscle pumping
- selective compression
Swelling = primarily _____
fluid
Is there heat and redness in swelling?
no
What is the goal when working with swelling?
facilitation resorption of fluid
What are 4 ways to facilitate resorption of fluid in a swollen tissue?
- soft tissue massage
- muscle pump (active and active assisted such as with estim)
- lymph drainage
- selective compression
In injury, if the joint is involved, the intra-articular pressure becomes more ______
+++
What are the 2 ways fluid moves in and out of a joint?
- synovial membrane
2. cartilage/bone interface
To reduce intra-articular fluid, you need to create joint ______ and create change in joint ______
movement; pressure
How do you create change in joint pressure?
intermittent traction +/- compression
How to know if you’ve done the right thing when treating inflammation?
outcome measures baby!
What are 6 outcome measure examples ?
- NRPS (pain)
- VAS (pain)
- circumferential measures
- volume
- LEFS
- DASH
What is the MDC and MCID for the NRPS scale?
3 and 3
What is the MCID for a VAS score of =34mm?
-13mm
What is the MCID for a VAS score of >/= 67mm?
-28mm
What is the MDC in circumferential measures of edema/swelling?
> 0.5 cm
What is the MDC of volume measurements for edema/swelling?
150mL
What is the MDC and MCID for LEFS?
9 and 9
What is the MDC and MCID for DASH?
8-17 (mean 13); 10.2
