Inflammation

Question 1

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 1

1. heat
2. redness
3. swelling
4. pain
5. loss of function

Question 2

An inflammatory environment is sensed by the ______ ______ ____

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

When dealing with inflammation, we are trying to minimize the _______ damage and renew the original structure

Answer 3

collateral

Question 4

Heat in inflammation is due to increased _______ activity

Answer 4

cellular

Question 5

Redness in inflammation is due to ________ (increase in blood flow - ________)

Answer 5

vasodilation; hyperaemia

Question 6

Swelling in inflammation is due to increased ______ and ______

Answer 6

permeability; vasodilation

Question 7

There is increased size of ___ junctions in vessel membrane due to inflammation

Answer 7

gap

Question 8

The increased fluid and molecules (_____) into tissues from vessels retells in increased ______ pressure in tissues and increased ______ pressure in vessel

Answer 8

proteins; osmatic; hydrostatic

Question 9

Osmotic pressure = _____ whereas hydrostatic pressure = ______

Answer 9

pulling; pushing

Question 10

Hydrostatic pressure is generate by _______ force

Answer 10

systolic

Question 11

Edema includes fluid and the _______ tissue

Answer 11

necrotic

Question 12

There is ____ evidence that ice is effective for pain and ____ evidence that it attenuates secondary cell death

Answer 12

strong; moderate

Question 13

How does ice attenuate secondary cell death (if indeed it does)?

Answer 13

by reducing cell metabolism and neutrophil activity

Question 14

Compression increases pressure in tissue to counteract ______ pressure in vessel

Answer 14

hydrostatic

Question 15

Elevation is to reduce _______ pressure in vessel

Answer 15

hydrostatic

Question 16

Is there heat and redness in edema ?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What is the goal when working with edema?

Answer 17

to reduce the viscosity

Question 18

What are 4 ways to reduce the viscosity of edema?

Answer 18

1. soft tissue massage
2. estim
3. muscle pumping
4. selective compression

Question 19

Swelling = primarily _____

Answer 19

fluid

Question 20

Is there heat and redness in swelling?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What is the goal when working with swelling?

Answer 21

facilitation resorption of fluid

Question 22

What are 4 ways to facilitate resorption of fluid in a swollen tissue?

Answer 22

1. soft tissue massage
2. muscle pump (active and active assisted such as with estim)
3. lymph drainage
4. selective compression

Question 23

In injury, if the joint is involved, the intra-articular pressure becomes more ______

Answer 23

+++

Question 24

What are the 2 ways fluid moves in and out of a joint?

Answer 24

1. synovial membrane

2. cartilage/bone interface

Question 25

To reduce intra-articular fluid, you need to create joint ______ and create change in joint ______

Answer 25

movement; pressure

Question 26

How do you create change in joint pressure?

Answer 26

intermittent traction +/- compression

Question 27

How to know if you’ve done the right thing when treating inflammation?

Answer 27

outcome measures baby!

Question 28

What are 6 outcome measure examples ?

Answer 28

1. NRPS (pain)
2. VAS (pain)
3. circumferential measures
4. volume
5. LEFS
6. DASH

Question 29

What is the MDC and MCID for the NRPS scale?

Answer 29

3 and 3

Question 30

What is the MCID for a VAS score of =34mm?

Answer 30

-13mm

Question 31

What is the MCID for a VAS score of >/= 67mm?

Answer 31

-28mm

Question 32

What is the MDC in circumferential measures of edema/swelling?

Answer 32

> 0.5 cm

Question 33

What is the MDC of volume measurements for edema/swelling?

Answer 33

150mL

Question 34

What is the MDC and MCID for LEFS?

Answer 34

9 and 9

Question 35

What is the MDC and MCID for DASH?

Answer 35

8-17 (mean 13); 10.2