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PHTH 545 > Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

The healthy foot offers stability for both _____ and ______.

A

loading; propulsion

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2
Q

The healthy foot provides ________ input that helps to coordinate movement (feedback for feedforward)

A

somatosensory

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3
Q

_______ or _____ movement = muscle activity that allows for stability of one part and mobility of another

A

dissociated/ selective

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4
Q

_______ producing _______ = somatosensory feedback to SC and CNS that produced feedforward response resulting in appropriate muscle activity

A

feedback; feedforward

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5
Q

What type of joint is distal tip-fib?

A

syndesmosis

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6
Q

What is the most stable position of the foot?

A

full DF

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7
Q

Medial bones of foot?

A

talus, navicular, cuneiforms, first 3 MT’s and corresponding phalanges

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8
Q

Lateral bones of foot?

A

calcaneus, cuboid, lateral 2 MT’s and corresponding phalanges

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9
Q

What are the 3 cuneiforms shaped as? Why?

A

an arch; putting pressure through the keystone increases the stability

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10
Q

What are the two ligaments on the lateral side of the foot that provide a lot of stability?

A

short and long plantar ligaments

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11
Q

When heel striking, where do you want your COM to be? Why?

A

slightly lateral; due to strong short and long plantar ligaments and bc calcaneo-cuboid joint is very stable

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12
Q

What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid ?

A

modified seller

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13
Q

_____ ______ = very important in providing support for foot when toes are in extension

A

plantar fasciitis

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14
Q

The muscular stability from the front of the leg for the foot is quite _______ oriented, whereas the muscular support from the back of the leg is quite _______

A

vertically; rotary

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15
Q

Why is having muscles providing support in a rotary orientation beneficial?

A

Provides support in multiplanar directions

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16
Q

As you heel strike and your COM moves forward, the lateral side of the foot provides _______ whereas the medial side of the foot provides ______

A

stability; mobility

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17
Q

As you push off and the COM moves towards your big toe, the medial side will move to (close packed/loose packed) position, and lateral side of foot will move to (close packed/loose packed) position

A

close packed; loose packed

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18
Q

Average walking speed? Average strikes per minute?

A

3.6- 4.5 km/hr; 60

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19
Q

5 phases of gait?

A
  1. initial contact
  2. loading response
  3. midstance
  4. terminal stance
  5. swing
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20
Q

At IC, GRF is through the ______ ______

A

posterior calcaneus

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21
Q

At IC, the subtalar joint is i the ________ position

A

supinated

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22
Q

Muscle activity at IC?

A
  1. tib ant
  2. EDL
  3. EHL
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23
Q

During LR, ankle begins to ____ to allow toes to come to ground

A

PF

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24
Q

During LR, subtalar joint begins _______ to come out of supinated position

A

pronating

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25
Q

During LR, the load is transferred onto _______ foot

A

lateral

26
Q

Main supports during LR?

A

long and short plantar ligaments

27
Q

Muscle activity during LR?

A
  1. gastroc
  2. soleus
  3. TP
  4. FDL
  5. FHL
  6. Intrinsics
28
Q

What muscle group decelerates pronation during LR?

A

posterior tibial

29
Q

During mid stance, COM travels from position poster to the ankle joint axis to in front of it thereby loading the ______ region

A

tarsal

30
Q

During mid stance, COM travels from the ________ side of the foot to the _____

A

lateral; medial

31
Q

During midstance, there is a lengthening of the ____ from heel contact to 10% of stance; and the _____ will drop

A

MLA; navicular

32
Q

During mid stance, ST joint reaches max ______ and begins to ______

A

pronation; supinate

33
Q

Main 3 muscle groups on during mid stance?

A
  1. gastrocs and soleus
  2. deep post tib group
  3. peroneii
34
Q

During TS, there is ST ______

A

supination

35
Q

During TS, the TC jt ______, the TMT’s ____, and toes extend, tightening the PF

A

PF; PF

36
Q

PF is associated with ______, whereas DF is associated with ______

A

folding; fanning

37
Q

During TS, there is a posterior glide of the 1st MT head on the _____

A

sesamoids

38
Q

During TS, the 1st MT head moves _____ the common transverse plane of the lesser MT heads

A

below

39
Q

During TS, the proximal phalanx glides ______ and 1st MTP extends

A

dorsally

40
Q

Toe off occurs through a stable extended 1st MTP at ~ ___ deg extension

A

65

41
Q

Muscle activity during TS?

A
  1. gastrocs
  2. soleus
  3. peroneii
  4. tib post
  5. FHL
  6. intrinsics
42
Q

4 functional tasks during gait?

A
  1. weight acceptance
  2. SLS
  3. limb advancement
  4. propulsion
43
Q

Initiation of walking is via ___ _____ firing

A

hip flexor

44
Q

During mid stance, use kinetic energy from loading response to go into most vertical orientation into ____

A

SLS

45
Q

_____ is the most unstable position during gait and therefore need all body parts stacked on top of one another to use force produced by gastroc and soleus

A

TS

46
Q

Trunk follows displacement of COM in a ______ and ______ orientation

A

vertical; horizontal

47
Q

Trunk has rotation that occurs around a _______ axis that is in the ______ direction to that of the pelvis

A

vertical; opposite

48
Q

Total rational excursion of the trunk is __ degrees and is one of the determinants of efficient gait

A

7

49
Q

Evidence suggests that the trunk is an active component of postural control preceding the initiation of ______

A

stepping

50
Q

Max backward swing of the ipsilateral arm occurs at ___

A

HC

51
Q

Shoulders are _____ at SLS

A

neutral

52
Q

Max forward swing ipsilateral arm at HC of ________ leg

A

contralateral

53
Q

Arms moving across the body is often a sign of ______ instability

A

lateral

54
Q

There is moderate evidence suggesting lowered max vertical GRF when running ______

A

barefoot

55
Q

There is mod evidence suggesting barefoot running is associated with increase ____ frequency, shorter ____ length and less ground ____ time

A

stride; stride; contact

56
Q

Mod evidence suggestive of decreased foot and ankle _______ at IC when barefoot

A

DF

57
Q

Mod evidence suggesting increased knee _____ at ground contact and less knee ___ during stance when barefoot or in minimalist shoes

A

flexion

58
Q

3 indications of orthotics?

A
  1. to act as a SPLINT to take pressure or strain off an injured structure to allow healing
  2. improve function of foot thereby decreasing stress on the lower quadrant
  3. to balance intrinsic foot deformities
59
Q

3 cautions for orthotics?

A
  1. no attempt has been made to improve function through other treatment options
  2. sensory impairment
  3. poor footwear
60
Q

Present research suggests _______ orthotics are as effective as custom made

A

accommodative

61
Q

2 movements to check when assessing orthotics?

A
  1. knee flexion with and without orthotics (drop into squat, how does knee track over foot?)
  2. extend the 1st MTP and see how much resistance there is to movement with and without orthotic (less = better!)

PHTH 545 (23 decks)

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