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vets 1025 > Welfare > Flashcards

Welfare Flashcards

1
Q

design needs to pay attention to

A
  • understanding of behaviour
  • AW; 5 domains
  • low stress handling
  • human safety
  • regulatory controls
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2
Q

guidelines in usa abattoirs surrounding slipping

A

less than 1% with fall injuries is ok, more is not ok and 5% plus is severe problem

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3
Q

low bail feeding

A

cows on pasture and fed some concentrate during milking

1 ton of grain/ concentrate to one cow during her lactation period

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4
Q

moderate to high bail feeding

A

same as low ball but fed more grain or concentrate during milking time, requires more complexity in feed storage and movement

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5
Q

partial mixed ration

A

cows on pasture but fed PMR of feedpad or some form of feeding system outside milking shed and separate to pasture

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6
Q

total mixed ration

A

most intensive, cows fed all of their required feed intake

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7
Q

stand off area

A

gets cows off pasture to avoid pasture and soil damage mainly in wet muddy conditions

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8
Q

loafing pad

A

area to hold stock off-paddock during wet conditions

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9
Q

temporary feed-out area

A

area in paddock where cattle fed in moveable troughs or hay rings, short term stand off and feeding

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10
Q

feedpad

A

purpose built area compacted earth or concrete w crowned top, access to feed troughs or feeding system, often used for PMR

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11
Q

shelter or barn type shed

A

roofed area for standing or lying w bedding, feed, water

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12
Q

full time housed operations

A

loose housing, freestall or drylot housing

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13
Q

ventilation function

A
  • remove excess heat
  • remove excess water vapour, humidity
  • remove microorganisms, dust, gases, ammonia
  • minimize draught
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14
Q

passive ventilation

A
  • relies on external wind and design of inlets and outlets
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15
Q

active or forces ventilation

A

fans to move air

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16
Q

aim of design should maximize ____ ventilation

A

passive (wind)

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17
Q

ammonia gas comes from

A

bacterial urease enzymes working on urea in ruine and undigested protein in feces

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18
Q

hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

A

forms under anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen) so largely form manure storage
rotton egg smell

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19
Q

co2 could accumulate in

A

very poorly ventilated buildings

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20
Q

carbon monoxide from

A

engine exhaust

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21
Q

lighting wise cows need

A

6-8 hours of darkness and reasonable lux (over 50) to have normal rhythm

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22
Q

transport risks

A

psychological, physical and disease exposure

23
Q

meat quality is influenced by

A

animal and management factors and by handling in the 2 weeks pre-slaughter and first few hours after slaughter

24
Q

glycogen and pH

A
  • glycogen is energy reserve
  • levels increased by feeding and fall with stress and absence of feed
  • after slaughter glycogen is converted to lactic acid and decreases the pH of muscle
  • desired pH 5.7 or less
  • pH above 5.7 is dark cutting
25
Q

dark cutting

A
  • pH above 5.7, decreased glycogen which increased pH
  • dark colour, coarse texture, inferior flavour, reduced shelf life
26
Q

PSE meat (pigs and poultry)

A
  • pale, soft, exudative
  • genetic predisposition: malignant hyperthermia gene
  • stress causes increased muscle glycolysis
  • generates lactic acid
  • drives pH down; muscle w low pH interferes w ability to hold water
  • pale, soft and wet
27
Q

DFD meat

A
  • dark, first, dry
  • mainly ruminants
  • poor nutrition, severe stress, depletion of muscle glycogen stores, pH rises, dark, firm, dry
28
Q

who is responsible for legislation covers transport of animals WITHIN aus

A

states and territories

in qld its in the animal care and protection act

29
Q

who is responsible for legislation covering international movement of animals

A

commonwealth or national government

there is Australian standards and guidelines on this topic; 6 sections
“the australian animal welfare standards and guidelines for land transport of livestock”

30
Q

principles of good transport

A
  • prep
  • selection
  • low stress handling, trained ppl, good facilities,
  • design of vehicle
  • journey time minimized
  • feed and water requirements, shelter, protection from injury and disease
31
Q

stages of land transport of livestock

A
  • mustering at place of origin (paddock to yard)
  • yarding and handling: sorted
  • curfew period; no water and/or food to reduce volume of GI tract and bladder
  • loading onto vehicle
  • transport
  • unloading
  • post arrival; let out onto pasture/ water or lairage before slaughter
32
Q

other types of transport (other than vehicle)

A
  • rail; require truck transport to rail loading and truck transport from rail unloading
  • journey on hoof
  • live export via sea or air
33
Q

general standard 1

A

responsibility and planning

34
Q

who is responsible for livestock before they are loaded

general standard 1: responsibility and planning

A

livestock consignor (supplier or producer or vendor)

35
Q

who is responsible for livestock from point of load to point of unloading and notifying receiver

general standard 1: responsibility and planning

A

the driver

36
Q

who is responsible for livestock from point of unloading and notification

general standard 1: responsibility and planning

A

person at destination, could be purchaser, operators, staff etc

37
Q

other than who is responsible for the animals what else does “general standard 1: responsibility and planning” include

A
  • selection of animals (fit to load, groupings and densities, curfews)
  • vehicle
  • route, travel time
  • driver competency
  • documentations and approvals
  • contingency
38
Q

general standard 2

A

stock handling competency;

a person involved in any part of livestock transport process must be competent to perform their required task or must be supervised by a competent person

39
Q

general standard 3

A

transport vehicles and facilities

vehicles and facilities for holding, loading and unloading must be constructed, maintained and operated to minimize risks to livestock welfare

40
Q

general standard 3 vehicles and facilities includes what

A
  • facilities appropriate for species
  • airflow
  • non slip, safe flooring
  • minimize injury
  • enough vertical clearance for livestock stand without injury
41
Q

general standard 4

A

pre transport selection of livestock

livestock must be assessed as fit for intended journey

42
Q

animal is NOT fit to load if

general standard 4; pre-transport selection of livestock

A
  • unable to walk on its own by bearing weight on all 4 legs
  • emaciated
  • dehydrated
  • injury or distress
  • suffering from conditions likely to cause pain or distress during transport
  • blind in both eyes
  • near parturition

if not fit must only be transported under vet advice

43
Q

general standard 5

A

loading, transport and unloading

livestock are handled, loaded, transported and unloaded in manner that minimizes risks to livestock welfare

44
Q

what does “general standard 5; loading, transporting, unloading” include

A
  • managing time off water
  • loading density; driver has final decision
  • segregate welfare by driver; species, class, size, health, aggression
  • appropriate handling
  • safe and secure loading
  • checks during journey
  • seek help asap for injured, distressed
  • take steps to minimize impact of extreme weather events
45
Q

general standard 6

A

humane destruction

where necessary to destroy livestock, it is done promptly, safely and humanely

46
Q

general standard 6; humane destruction includes what

A
  • euth asap if necessary
  • done by competent person
  • use appropriate methods
  • check animal is dead
47
Q

the 6 standards

A

1) responsibilities and planning
2) stock handling competency
3) transport vehicles and facilities
4) pre-transport selection of livestock
5) loading, transporting, unloading
6) humane destruction

48
Q

how long should you hold off feed and water

A

feed 6-12 hours
water 6-8 hours

49
Q

cattle over 6 months old max time off water

A

48 hours

50
Q

what is a key issue, major source of injuries, and has its own separate standards

A

loading ramps

51
Q

what is most common truck in more settled areas

A

B double; front trailer is half size of back, 2 decks, stable on road

52
Q

road trains

A

only use approved rates

53
Q

size of vehicles

A
  • semi trailer; one trailer
  • B double; 2
  • road train; more than 2

vets 1025 (44 decks)

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