practice exam Flashcards
approx after what time period do intestines stop absorbing colostrum immunoglobulins
12 hours of age
50% at 12 hr
0 % at 24-27
which of the following terms best describes female bovine that is less than 3 years of age has not had a calf
heifer
when carrying out a chemical clean of a cat condo you will clean
from the top of the enclosure downwards
in australia emotional support dogs
give emotional support their handler
in qld you can expect an assistance dog to exhibit a high standard of appropriate behaviour
handler and the dog have undergone training and passed a public access test
which of the following is not part of the definition of “behaviour” in companion animals
response to stimulus
welfare
mental processing
movement and activties
welfare
major influences on companion animal behaviour are:
genetics, learning history, current environment
sounds that that typically distress dogs and cats in a clinic is
clippers
one of the major reasons we need to restrain animals in clinic is
to hold the animal safely during procedures such as drawing blood
which has greatest breed distribution in aus
purebred
certified pedigree
both purebred and pedigree
cross bred
cross bred
when considering the 7 basic needs of all animals that ensures physical and mental wellbeing, the need for protection from disease and injury includes all EXCEPT the following
- safe housing
- adequate food and water
- hygiene and cleaning
- healthcare
adequate food and water
out of security, complexity, achievement and novelty which is the most important to consider in clinic
security
in relation to the 4 elements of effective sanitation program which of the following is considered first priority
clean then disinfect
the general vaccine program for puppies requires how many vaccines
3
what is true with respect to animal rights
animal rights means that animals have rights that should be used to guide how humans interact w animals
welfare quality assurance (QA) schemes can be best described as
farmer compliance w QA scheme-defined standards and procedures
which of the following is NOT animal that is unfit to be transported
- blind in both eyes
- unable to stand or weight bear on each leg
- pregnant animals
- females that have given birth within 48 hours
pregnant animals
which is most important to understand for handling animals
animal behaviour
the attribution of human traits, emotions or intentions to non-human entities is
anthropomorphism
what is best description of biosecurity
managing risks of infectious diseases and pests that have human health, social amenity, animal health/ welfare and economic impacts
what should you consider when selecting appropriate level of PPE
a) probability of being exposed an infectious agent and the impact of that exposure
b) alarming clinical signs such as fever and discharge in the patient
c) use of high risk procedures including obstetrics and necropsies
d) all of the above
all of above
social system of a group of animals arranged on a basis of relatedness is known as
kin selected group dynamics
index signal predicts
the signal cannot be fake, meaning females will preferentially use this signal in mate choice
the predator/prey arms race predicts larger groups evolve, this can be explained as
as an individuals size becomes a limiting factor, the predator will evolve other attack strategies
what is not the answer to one of tinbergens 4 questions
a) the adaptive value of the trait is to protect against predators
b) the proximate cause of the trait is the pheromones emitted
c) the upper limit of the group size is defined by food availability
d) the trait is innate
c
which is NOT a consideration in mate choice
immuno-competence
natural selection
inbreeding avoidance
weapons and ornaments
natural selection
handicap signal predicts
the signal is too costly to fake, meaning it is an entirely honest signal
which of the following statements about intrasexual selection is NOT correct
- members of same sex compete for access to female
- involves weapons and ornaments
- always involves physical competition
- can occur within females as well as males
it always involves physical competition (not true)
testosterone can cause unwanted behaviours, what would you consider these behaviours to be
innate
the term voluntary wait period is most relevant to what kind of cow
fresh cows
which of the following recognized classes of stock present in UQ dairy herd
- bucket calves
- dry cows
- yearlings
- all of the above
all of the above
what is the second most common dairy breed in aus
jersey
name of circle around each cow where handlers presence will cause animal to react
flight zone
what does NOT reduce cannibalism
debeaking
foraging provision
reduced light intensity
increasing stocking density
increasing stocking density
what is the function of the ventriculus in the avian GI tract
acts as the birds teeth for grinding w a thick kaolin lining and grit
normal incubation period for commercial turkey is
28 days
what should ammonia levels be in poultry farm
below 20 ppm
how to tell what is best performing farm
highest percent hatch of fertility
in commercial layer production a pullet is
an immature hen before lay
poultry are stimulated to ovulate and produce eggs by
increasing day length
3 Rs of research
replace, reduce, refine
use of environmental enrichment is an example of
promoting positive states
what legislation regulates the use of laboratory animals in QLD
animal care and protections act
why do water changes
lower nitrate levels
good filter has what 3 layers
mechanical filter (sponge), chemical filter (charcoal) and biological filter (ceramic beads)
in an open yard an aviary should face
north
what is best aviary most suited to ground feeding parrots
full flight w concrete floors
adult bearded dragons should be fed
3 times weekly (every 2-3 days)
ferrets are
energetic animals, they are a hunting predator and therefore are constantly active
guinea pigs are
social animals that do best in small groups
12 week old chicken should be fed a
grower diet
starter 22% protein hatch-6 weeks
grower 14-16% protein 6-18 weeks
layer 15-18% protein
when planning to build a chicken coop what consideration should be given to providing perches
should be at least 150 mm of roost space per bird
when restraining a falcon, care must be taken to firstly restrain
the feet
when restraining a snake its 1 person per m of snake, in order to
prevent injuring the snake’s spine through a lack of support
social license is best described as
acceptance by communities for particular businesses and their operations
what are the 5 freedoms and 5 domains
freedom from hunger and thirst= nutrition
freedom from pain, injury and disease = health
freedom to express natural behvaiours= behaviour
freedom from discomfort= environment
freedom from fear and distress= mental
defining what constitutes an ethical animal interaction is difficult, because ethical use is a limited continuum impacted by the observer’s values and beliefs, regarding teaching at UQ who ultimately determines ethical animal use
animal ethics committee
what is a fomite
an inanimate object which can transfer an infectious agent
most accurate summary of how biosecurity is managed by the major regulatory agencies in aus
regulations set by by federal government and enforced by the various state and territory governments
social system of a group of animals arranged ona priority basis is known as
a dominance hierarchy
darwin’s theory of sexual selection maintains that
females will be selective about the males w whom they will mate
handicap
signal is too costly to fake, meaning it is entirely honest
which is NOT necessarily an effect of domestication
a) the selection for traits that are mal-adaptive in the wild
b) natural selection for adaptations to the captive environment
c) artificial selection for certain traits that the humans consider important
d) development of abnormal behaviours such as sterotypies
natural selection for adaptations to the captive environment
if cow is lame on left hind limb what would you see
head bobs down when weight bearing on left hind limb
in dairy cows how many days do we aim for lactation period
305 days (60 day dry off period)
what is main type of dairy production system in aus
pasture plus moderate to high concentrate feed
what is the difference between humane killing and euthanasia
euth is performed in the interests of the animals wellbeing
what is most important in the principle of reduction
avoiding unnecessary reduplication of experiments
when assessing water quality what parameter is most important
ammonia
during weekly water change how much water removed
4-10%
environmental enrichment is needed to
reduce unwanted behaviours and increase normal behaviours
reptiles should be kept within a temp gradient to allow them to maintain their preferred body temp (PBT) this allows them to
maintain best possible health
terrarium for hatchling pythons should be
small, to allow the snake to conserve energy and find food readily
cockerel is
a young rooster
at what age does a chicken reach point of lay
16-21 weeks
safest tool for restraining a bird is
a towel
some lizards undergo autotomy, a voluntary avulsion of the tail, these lizards include
skinks
in qld an assistance dog:
handler and the dog have undergone training and passed a public access test together
when an assistance dog at clinic important to know
dogs cues to urinate and to eat
best way to describe demeanour of companion animal
describe the animal’s appearance, including its facial expression, tail and how it is holding its body
best way to recognize abnormal
thorough knowledge and understanding of normal
Which of the following is not a legislated document?
a) “The Animal Care and Protection Act” (2001)
b) NHMRC “Policy on the Care of Dogs (and Cats) used for Scientific Purposes”
c) “The Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes”2013
d) Animal Care & Protection Regulation 2012; subordinate legislation No.141
b
To create disease, germs often need to be present in the millions or billions of particles. The dose required to induce disease in any individual depends on both virulence of the germ in question, and the animal’s immune status. This concept is called:
the dose effect
vomeronasal organ
detects pheromones
cats have how many teeth
30; 16 upper 14 lower
provision of foods in order to supply nutrients int he amount and proportions that promote as specified performance is called
dietetics
ideal BCS for dogs
4-5
tapetum lucidum
mirror like structure on cats eyes which creates green shine at night
best housing system for hens to express natural behaviour
free range
poultry farm during summer type of ventilation used would most likely be
tunnel ventilation
what is proventriculus in avian GI tract
known as true stomach and stores food for digestion
the gizzard/ ventriuculus acts as birds teeth for grinding w a thick kaolin lining and grit
poultry have achieved fastest rates of genetic change because of
large pops and short generation intervals
incubation period for chicken
21 days
CO2 levels
NH3 levels
CO levels
CO2; below 2500 ppm
ammonia below 20
CO below 10
poultry stimulated to ovulate and produce eggs by
increased photoperiod
function of air sac in chicken respiratory system is to
allow continuous air flow through the lungs
what is NOT a reason to use all in all out method:
a) vertical transmission of pathogens from hen to hen is reduced
b) down time between flocks reduces pathogen burden
c) reduce horizontal transmission of pathogens between different aged birds
d) removal of host environment for potential pathogens
vertical transmission of pathogens from hen to hen is reduced
poultry do not have a
bladder
normal time for transfer of chicken eggs from setter to hatch trays is
18 days of incubation (3 days before hatch)
what species uses AI as a standard
turkey parent stock
what breed of cattle produces greatest volume of milk
holstein
dairy cows that are too thin at time of calving
take longer to recommence cycling
typically after calving, the milk from dairy cow should NOT be allowed to enter milk vat for
4 days 8 milkings
what are chicken vaccines
marek’s disease
Newcastle disease
infectious bronchitis
infectious bursal disease ** they have internal immunity
coccidia
others
