common poultry health challenges and biosecurity

Question 1

4 major issues than influence animal health management

Answer 1

• types of animals involved
• production system
• diseases that need to be managed
• options available for managing those disease

Question 2

healthy birds

Answer 2

• active
• alet
• normal size
• no stained feathers around the vent
• no discharge
• no injuries

Question 3

sick birds

Answer 3

• isolated
• diarrhea; stained feathers in vent region
• paralysis
• sneezing/ coughing
• blood in feces
• swelling
• lose of weight

Question 4

what are the 3 key stages of biosecurity

Answer 4

1) conceptual; site planning
2) structural; building design
3) operational; site management

Question 5

site design and planning

Answer 5

• access rotes
• proximity to waterways (drainage)
• proximity to migratory birds
• distance from other farms

Question 6

building design

Answer 6

• prevent wild animals and bird access
• prevention of spread of AI
• drainage
• materials used
• feed augers
• roof structure
• roof ventilation
• tunnel vents
• gutters
• rodents

Question 7

site management

Answer 7

• correct procedures
• wheel washing
• terminal hygiene programme
• step over barriers
• tools equipment cleaned and disinfected

Question 8

farm biosecurity should be secure by ____, ____ and ____

Answer 8

design, planning and restriction

Question 9

entry room has what

Answer 9

flock records

Question 10

broiler and turkey sheds older style

Answer 10

naturally ventilated sheds

Question 11

broiler shed modern newer style

Answer 11

• environmentally controlled sheds
• no windows
• exhaust fans for tunnel ventilation
• cool pads for evaporative cooling
• maintain temps within 2 degrees
• gas heating for brooding
• artificial lights
• insulated

Question 12

what are precautions of adding new birds to mixed age farms

Answer 12

• isolate and quarantine new birds for 2 weeks minimum in isolation shed/cage
• one day old chicks considered to be lowest risk method
• older new birds more likely to be diseased

Question 13

precautions surrounding people equipment and vehicles

Answer 13

• entry only to essential people
• vehicles disinfectant wash facility
• wash and disinfect equipment
• staff restricted to one location
• no used equipment

Question 14

what are the precautions for wild birds

Answer 14

• they often carry disease
• wild bird proof house/ shed, screen or net
• clean feed spills immediately
• water sources and trees can be indirect contact

Question 15

what are the precautions of rodents

Answer 15

• carriers of diseases
• damage equipment
• remove trash
• remove vegetation
• clean feed spills
• rotate traps regularly

Question 16

insects

Answer 16

• especially darkling beetles
• carriers of disease agents MD, ILT, Reo, FP, ND
• mow grass regularly
• prevent water build up
• spray insecticide between flocks
• remove all potential larval food

Question 17

water supply and quality precautions

Answer 17

• only good quality clean water
• treat and filter water
• closed water better
• keep drinking system free from leakage

Question 18

water leakage and wet litter causes

Answer 18

• increased possible challenge of coccidiosis
• damages to leg’s skin allowing penetration of bacteria causing foot pad and joint inflammation

Question 19

wet feed permits development of

Answer 19

fungal contaminants (mycotoxins)

Question 20

precautions for feed

Answer 20

• good quality
• heat treatment
• feed storage closed at all times
• roof of feed storage leakage free
• feed pans cleaned often

Question 21

parasite control precautions

Answer 21

• regularly inspecting birds for external parasites
• spraying or dusting birds thoroughly w an approved insecticide
• spray the shed, perches and nests thoroughly with insecticide
• cleaning sheds and rotating ranges to reduce parasite burden
• regularly check fecal material for any sign of worms
• always check label on worming treatments

Question 22

what are some external parasites

Answer 22

• lice (look white)
• mites: (look like dark specks)
• northern fowl mite, vent tail and breast
• red mite, night time, cracks in beading, difficult to find looks like dust and specks
• scaly leg mite; backyard and outdoor flocks

Question 23

3 internal parasites found in poultry likely to cause harm

Answer 23

• large round worm
• caecal worm
• tape worm

Question 24

adult ascaridia: round worm

Answer 24

• adult: over 8 weeks of age;
• tremendous number of eggs
• eggs hard to destroy
• large number of adults in small intestine

Question 25

larval ascaridia: round worm

Answer 25

• damage to intestine on migration
• problem when there are large numbers contaminated litter
• seasonal factors
• can migrate to liver

Question 26

tape worms

Answer 26

• raillietina cesticullus
• davainea proglottina
• look like grains of rice

Question 27

direct transmission (horizontal and vertical)

Answer 27

either horizontal or vertical transmission
- horizontal: same generation
- vertical; to offspring

Question 28

indirect transmission

Answer 28

• occurs when causative agent passed indirectly from affected bird to healthy bird via intermediate host