Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

vets 1025 > companion animal husbandry and management > Flashcards

companion animal husbandry and management Flashcards

1
Q

factors that effect the way animals are cared for and managed (4 things)

A
  • principles of husbandry
  • environmental enrichment
  • housing
  • basic anatomy and physiology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

7 basic needs of all animals that ensure physical and mental wellbeing
WAPPECO

A
  • warm, comfort and security
  • companionship, mental stimulation and opportunities for expression of normal behaviours
  • protection from disease and injury
  • protection from fear and distress
  • exercise
  • appropriate feed and water
  • opportunity to defecate and urinate away from sleeping and eating areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does warmth, comfort and security include

A
  • appropriate temperature, humidity and light cycles
  • dry and draught free
  • darker areas for sleeping w suitable bedding
  • somewhere to hide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does protection from injury and disease include

A
  • safe housing
  • hygiene and cleaning
  • health care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do exercise requirements depend on (4 things)

A

breed, age, health status, life age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

feed needs to be what 5 things

A
  • complete (contain all 6 classes of essential nutrients)
  • balanced
  • digestible and utilisable
  • palatable
  • acceptable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 6 classes of essential nutrients

A

water, carbs, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how often should you replace water and how many sources

A

replace daily, 2 sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of environmental enrichment

A

process of adding one or more factors to an animals environment in order to improve the physical and psychological welfare of the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 4 attributes of the environment which together meet an animals psychological needs
NACS

A
  • security (most important)
  • complexity (locomotive and exploratory activities)
  • achievement (controlling their environment ex a kong)
  • novelty (a degree of unpredictability)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

housing depends on

A
  • breed of dog vs type of home
  • purpose of animal
  • facility design
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some housing situations for cats

A

indoor, outdoor, individual commercial housing, combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some housing situations for dogs

A

outdoor, indoor, run, corridor, circular parasol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what must be done prior to disinfecting

A

good and thorough cleaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 elements of an effective sanitation program

A

1) clean then disinfect
2) use effective products
3) clean where it counts and be meticulous
4) minimize stress and fomite transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a carrier

A

an animal which is infected and infectious to other animals but not currently showing signs of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a carrier can be animals that are (3 things)

A
  • just about to get sick
  • recently recovered
  • chronically infected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are modes of tranmission

A

vectors, direct contact, droplets, airborne, fomites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is dose effect

A

to create a disease you need more than one or 2 germs, often dose is in millions or billions, therefore higher the dose higher the likelihood of disease, faster transmission, more severe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dose required depends on both

A

virulence of germ in question and the animal’s immune status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

true or false, when looking at sanitation methods we need to attain zero dose

A

false, just lower dose enough that animals immune system can ward off the rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

soap/ detergent

A

cleaning agent which works by suspending the dirt and grease, do not kill microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

disinfectant

A

chemical agent which kills harmful microorganisms, does not remove dirt or grease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

degreaser;

A

more powerful soap/ detergent specially formulated to penetrate layers of dried on body oils and other greasy debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what should be the order of cleaning

A

cleanest areas + most vulnerable animals first (iso)

most contaminated areas and least vulnerable animals last (treatment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in terms of litter _____ is better

A

less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

litter tray can act as a

A

fomite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what material should you use for food and water bowls

A

stainless steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cats have a large olfactory mucosa, what does this indicate

A

importance of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are functions of cat tongue

A

eating, grooming, temperature detection, taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the cats vomeronasal organ (VNO) do

A

detects pheremones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the flehman response

A

when the animal lifts its head after finding an odorant, wrinkle its nose, lift lups and cease to breathe in order to direct inhaled compounds to the vomeronasal organ (VNO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the most highly developed sense for dogs

A

smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is there a flehman response in dogs

A

some say yes some say no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where is the dogs VNO

A

near hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are some examples of dogs using their nose for social interaction

A

initial greeting nose to nose (naso-naso)

life story via smelling anal glands (naso-ano)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cats vision is designed to

A

collect maximum amount of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

true or false sight is highly developed in a cat

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is tapetum lucidum in a cats eye

A

mirror like structure which creates green shine at night that enables sight un almost total darkness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does a cats third eyelid do

A

lubricate the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

can cats see colour

A

yes with limited perception, better than dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

true or false sight is highly developed in the dog

A

true
although visual detail and silhouette is poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

true or false dogs are more aware of movement at the front of them

A

false, more aware of movement at side of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

can cat ears (pinna) move independently of eachother

A

yes, can be pricked towards sound with amazing accuracy to pinpoint prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

who has higher frequency hearing, cats or dogs

A

cats

44
Q

cats sensitive hearing allows for what (socialization wise)

A

wide range of vocalizations for communicating

45
Q

dogs hearing can play an important role in

A

orientation

46
Q

like cats, dog hearing can also

A

rapidly pinpoint where a noise is coming from

47
Q

how many teeth do cats have, how many upper and lower, what are the types and what are they used for

A

30 total, 16 upper, 14 lower
- tiny incisors: ripping and scraping
- canines; holding, killing, tearing
- premolars and molars used to cut meat into ingestible pieces because cats cannot chew

48
Q

dog teeth, how many, upper and lower, what kinds and what used for

A

42 total, 20 upper, 22 lower
- incisors; cutting and nibbling
- canines; holding and tearing
- premolars; cutting, holding, shearing
-molars; grinding

49
Q

how to gender a cat

A
  • vulva: vertical slit
  • penile opening; circle with scrotum on top
  • distance between anus and genitals is bigger in males
  • think female anatomy looks like a lollipop w anus close to vertical slit (ew lol)
50
Q

how to sex a puppy

A

penis further up their belly under umbilical cord

vulva much closer to anus

51
Q

how young can cats experience first heat

A

4 months

52
Q

how long is cats heat cycle

A

14-21 days, length of oestrous is about 4 days

53
Q

described cats ovulation

A

INDUCED ovulators, polyoestrus but experience anoestrus in autumn and late winter, can come into season again shortly after giving birth

54
Q

polyoestrous and anoestrus meaning

A

having more than one period of estrus a year (heat)

anoestrus is a period of sexual inactivity

55
Q

how long does sex last for cats

A

several hours in unacquainted pairs or very brief in cats who know eachother
*genital contact lasts 10 seconds at the most
*experienced males rarely get beaten up

56
Q

what does cat ejaculation induce and why

A

loud piercing cry from female with explosive separation, due to anatomy of penis, stress invoked stimulates the nervous and hormonal reactions that induce ovulation

57
Q

when do bitches experience their first heat

A

6-8 months of age

58
Q

dogs are dioestrous, what does that mean

A

they go into heat twice a year

59
Q

how long does dog oestrus (heat) last

A

4-13 days (usually 9)

60
Q

what happens during dog intercourse and why

A

tying, engorgement of glands penis, locks penis in vagina while ejaculation occurs, can last 5-20 mins ish

61
Q

how long is dog gestation

A

63 days

62
Q

how long is cat gestation

A

65 days

63
Q

when does dog vs cat ovulation occur

A

dogs is spontaneous, cats is 24-56 hours post mating

64
Q

nutrition is

A

the science of the interaction of a substance with part of animal to promote optimal performace and/or function

65
Q

dietetics is

A

provision of food in order to supply nutrients in the amounts and proportions that promote a specified performance

66
Q

energy is measured in

A

kcal

67
Q

how many calories in 1 kcal

A

1000 calories= 1kcal

68
Q

a calorie is measure by

A

the amount of heat required to raise 1 g of water by 1 degrees at a specified temp

69
Q

digestibility is the porportion digested by the animal, which is the difference between

A

content of nutrient (%DM dry matter) in food and quantity (%DM) in feces

70
Q

bioavailability

A

relationship between amount of nutrient absorbed and the amount utilized by the body

71
Q

nutrients are measured on (3 things)

A
  • % fed
  • % dry matter (DM) refers to non water nutrients of a diet
  • on a caloric basis (amount of nutrient per kcal of metabolizable energy) *** best for comparing diets
72
Q

6 major classes of nutrients found in food

A

water
carbs
fat
protein
minerals
vitamins

way to remember: when can fat people visit me

73
Q

what class of nutrient is required in the largest amount

A

water

74
Q

generally how much water do dogs and cats require

A

33-66ml/kg/day
dogs approx = to MER
cats approx = to RER

75
Q

factors affecting water intake

A
  • temp
  • type of diet
  • exercise
  • physiologic state
  • health
76
Q

vitamins are classified as: (2)

A

fat soluble (ADE,K)
- require fat and bile salts for absorption, stored in body lipid deposits- more resistant to deficiency, more likely to cause toxicity

water soluble (B complex and C)
- limited storage; increased depletion rate and greater risk of deficiency

77
Q

what are the macro minerals

A

calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and sodium

78
Q

what are the micro minerals

A

copper, iron, Magnesium, zinc

79
Q

Ca:P ratio is crucial in diets, what is ideal ratio what what do they do

A

1.2 : 1
work together to maintain growth and structure of skeletal system

80
Q

fibre can be referred to as ____ or _____

A

soluble or insoluble

81
Q

is fibre essential? what does it do?

A
  • technically no
  • binds water and increases fecal bulk
  • influences nutrient absorption and adsorption
  • maintains the structural integrity of the intestinal mucosa
82
Q

what are the energy yielding nutrients (3)

A

carbs, proteins, fats

83
Q

how much of the dry matter is used for energy

A

50-80%

84
Q

what is GE

A

gross energy; heat produced when the doos is completely burned

85
Q

what is FE

A

fecal energy; energy lost in feces

86
Q

what is UE

A

urinary energy; energy lost from urine

87
Q

what is GPD

A

gaseous products of digestion; energy lost as gases from the GI tract

88
Q

what is DE

A

digestible energy = GE-FE

89
Q

what is ME

A

metabolizable energy

90
Q

what is NE, what are the two types

A

net energy,
NE for maintenance (Nem) and NE for production (Nep) (ie growth, lactation, reproduction etc) or used for both (nem+p)

91
Q

for NE for production energy is lost as heat during digestion, absorption and use of foods, what is this referred to as?

A

heat increment (HI)

92
Q

4 types of carbs, what they used for

A

1) monosaccarides
2) disaccharides
3) oligosaccharides
4) polysaccharides
- primarily used as energy source but may be converted to body fat for storage

93
Q

protein and amino acids usually comprise how how of dry matter of foods

A

20-50%

94
Q

what are the 2 types of amino acids;

A
  • non essential; made by the body
  • essential; not synthesized by body at all or rate is too slow to meet demands
95
Q

two types of essential amino acids for cats only

A

arginine and taurine, only found in animal tissue, cats have high requirements due to low rate of synthesis and high loss through intestine

96
Q

cats are obligate ____

A

carnivores

they do not have range of biochemical processes that convert nutrient from plant and animal sources into what they require, must obtain these nutrients through animal sources
*not only obtained by eating flesh but they exploit digestive processes of their prey and eat digested vegetables from prey

97
Q

dogs are (carnivore, omnivore, herbivore?)

A

omnivores

98
Q

3 methods of feeding

A
  • ad lib; food always available
  • time restricted: more food than animal requires for specified time 3-5 mins usually
  • food restricted: feeding set amount based on caloric density and nutritional/ metabolic requirements
99
Q

food requirements for optimal health influenced by

A
  • individual variation
  • temp, humidity, air movement
  • stress
  • physical activity
  • stage of life
  • health status
100
Q

how is energy requirements determined

A

by calculating resting energy requirements RER measured as kcal/day

linear equation: 30x BW+70 (limited to 2-45 kg)
or
exponential equation 70 x BW^0.75

101
Q

maintenance energy requirement (MER) calculated by

A

multiplying RER by pre-determined factors

102
Q

calculating amount to feed

A

MER / metabolizable energy in food = amount to feed

103
Q

dogs prefer ____, _____ meals

cats prefer _____, _____ meals

A

large infrequent

small frequent

104
Q

what is a way owners accidentally make their cats fat

A

they thinking feeding them more will stop hunting

or they think hunting= hunger (it doesn’t they just have strong hunting drive)

105
Q

feeding amount of base diet should be reduced by ____% to allow for treats

A

10%

106
Q

what is the purpose of a regular weigh in, what is it useless without

A
  • helps detect trends in weight
  • useless unless accompanies by BCS
107
Q

what are clinical indicators of nutrition

A
  • coat and skin health
  • gas production
  • activity level
  • skeletal health
  • defecation frequency and consistency
108
Q

what are 2 nutritional goals

A
  • optimal feeding to maximize physiologic health
  • by improving external indicators of health and also improving function of internal organ system

vets 1025 (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions