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vets 1025 > goats > Flashcards

goats Flashcards

1
Q

caprine (goats) family and subfamily

A

bovidae, subfamily caprinae

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2
Q

goats are ruminants; what do their stomachs consist of

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum

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3
Q

how many teats do female udders have

A

2 (cattle have 4)

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4
Q

when do goats reach puberty

A

between 3-15 months

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5
Q

gestation length

A

approx 150 days (5 months)

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6
Q

how many offspring do goats have

A

twins are usual, single and triplets also common

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7
Q

when do breeders tend to breed does

A

when they have reached 70% of adult weight

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8
Q

life expectancy

A

15-18 years

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9
Q

nanny goat

A

informal for female adult

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10
Q

billy

A

informal for male entire adult

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11
Q

buck

A

male entire

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12
Q

doe

A

female

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13
Q

kid

A

young less than 6 months

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14
Q

wether

A

castrated male

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15
Q

doeling/ buckling

goatling

A

baby female/ male

baby of either sex

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16
Q

yearling

A

one yr old goat

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17
Q

kidding

A

giving birth

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18
Q

polled

A

naturally hornless goat

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19
Q

disbudded

A

horn removal via heat at young age (7-14 days)

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20
Q

scurs

A

small pieces of horn that have grown back or were not fully removed at disbudding

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21
Q

bottle baby

A

kid that is being bottle fed instead of staying with its doe

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22
Q

open

A

female goats that are not pregnant

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23
Q

scours

A

diarrhea

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24
Q

weaned

A

kid no longer nursing from its mother

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25
Q

rut

A

when bucks are ready to breed

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26
Q

herd

A

group of goats

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27
Q

goat is the ____ most numerous ruminant in the world

A

third

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28
Q

goats known for being

A

curious, agile, good climbers and balancers

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29
Q

do they display more or less herding behaviour than sheep

A

less

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30
Q

when did goats arrive in aus

A

first fleet 1788

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31
Q

why are goats farmed in aus

A

meat, fiber, dairy

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32
Q

feral goats

A
  • 2.3 million in aus
  • compete for feed, damage landscape, biodiversity, waterways and equipment
  • BUT also foundation of rangeland goat meat industry
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33
Q

ideal grazing habitat for goats

A
  • semi-arid rangeland after rain
  • combo or herbaceous shrub and tree forage
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34
Q

why do goats do so well in semi- arid regions

A
  • greater diversity of diet, able to digest low quality roughages
  • less effected by some anti-nutritional compounds
  • longer rumen retention times
  • more cellulolytic bacteria in rumen
  • greater nitrogen recycling to the rumen
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35
Q

what are goats very susceptible to

A

ruminal acidosis

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36
Q

goats preference for browse

A

reduces worm burdens:
leaves are too high for worm larva to reach without tying, and tannins can inhibit worms in digestive system

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37
Q

true or false; although aus is relatively small producer of goats it is largest exporter of goat meat in the world

A

true

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38
Q

where does 90% of goat meat production come from in aus

A

extensively managed rangeland properties

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39
Q

where are major export markets

A

usa and Taiwan

  • not really cooked in aus so limits many consumer markets
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40
Q

2 other uses for goats other than production

A

companion and weed control

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41
Q

fibre goat breads

A
  • cashmere (cashmere) angora (mohair)
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42
Q

meat goat breeds

A

boer, kalahari red, rangelands

  • body composition v similar to sheep but fat distributed differently, different BCS system
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43
Q

dairy goat breeds

A

saanen, british alpine, anglo nubien, toggenburg, lamancha, kalahari red

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44
Q

boer goat characteristics

A
  • white with red/brown faces
  • originated from south africa
  • specifically selected for meat
  • commonly used for cross-breeding
  • mature weight 80-130 kg (big)
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45
Q

rangeland (bush) goats

A
  • composite breed
  • derived from feral goats
  • major source of goat meat
  • highly adapted to surive in low rainfall regions
  • low input farming systems (extensive)
  • can produce some cashmere fleece
  • mature weight 45-80 kg
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46
Q

kalahari red goats

A
  • meat and milk
  • originated from kalahari desert in south africa
  • colour is camouflage from predators
  • hardiness and mobility suited to harsh conditions
  • excellent mothering abilities including high production of milk that enhances growth of offspring
  • ideal for areas where farming requires low labour input
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47
Q

angora goats

A
  • fiber goat, produce mohair
  • from france, named after a region in turkey
  • mature weight 60-80 kg
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48
Q

aus produces __% of world mohair

A

5

49
Q

mohair (from angora)

A

long lustrous and resilient luxury fibre, more than 22 micron, coarser than merino wool

50
Q

how often are angoras shorn, how much wool

A

every 6 months, 3-4 grams/ shearing event

51
Q

cashmere

A
  • value comes from downy chasmere undercoat; coarse guard hair is of no value
  • luxuriously soft, warn and light
52
Q

how much will purebred cashmeres goats yield

A

300 g per year, usually shear once per year

53
Q

cashmere goat

A
  • produce good quality meat too
  • down (valuable part) is from secondary follicles, guard hair is from primary follicles (not valuable)
  • good mothering
  • very fine 12-18 uM
54
Q

cashmere growth is

A

daylight sensitive; initiated in dec (longest day) and stops and sheds from june onwards

55
Q

growth of cashmere is not responsive to

A

level of nutrition (unlike wool)

56
Q

what is the best type of FIBRE goat for weed control programs

A

cashmere due to shorter fleeces

57
Q

dairy goats demand

A
  • demand from consumers allergic to cows milk
  • docile; easy to milk
58
Q

typical lactation occurs

A

300 days

59
Q

peak lactation produces how many L per day

how often milked

A

3.5/4 L per day

twice a day (once is fine)

60
Q

mastitis caused by

A

physical injury or bacteria

61
Q

saanen (dairy)

A
  • originated in Switzerland, imported to aus from england
  • white
  • most popular dairy goat in aus
  • long lactating and high producing
  • 100kg mature weight
62
Q

anglo nubian (dairy) but also meat, and hide

A
  • originated in britain
  • brown/ black ombre
  • long ears
  • all purpose
  • 100 kg ish mature weight
63
Q

british alpine (dairy)

A
  • mostly black, white ears/ stripes on face
  • originated in britain
  • tall rangy and active breed suited to open grazzing
  • good milk producer, good winter milking, long lactation
  • 100 kg ish mature weight
64
Q

toggenburg (dairy)

A
  • looks like british alpine except brown, still has the white stripes on face
  • originated in switzerland
  • oldest known dairy breed of goat
  • excellent milk production
  • smallest of alpine breads
  • robust, compact and vigorous
65
Q

goat production annual cycle

A
  • birth
  • lactating young kids
  • weaning
  • growing kids, dry does
  • joining; decreasing day length
  • pregnancy 150 days
66
Q

shearing

A
  • usually done w goat standing on its head restrained in some form of head bail
  • done just before kidding (typically in aug) and then again 6 months later
67
Q

weaning of kids

A
  • about 4 months
  • for boer goats kids weaning would be when they are about 22-24 kg of body weight
68
Q

hoof trimming

A

paring excess hoof of adult goats is usually required where goats are intensively managed and on soft soils

69
Q

castration

A

should be done as early as is practically possible (before 2-3 months of age to reduce stress on the kids- either rubber (elastrator) rings, burdizzos or surgical catsration techniques

70
Q

goat fencing

A
  • 5 wire, electric is best, well strained bottom wire
  • remember goats are great climbers
  • goats do not tend to jump fences
  • combo of standard fence plus electric fence works well
  • should be designed to keep predators out
71
Q

goat behaviour and approaches to handling

A
  • goats are intelligent, naturally curious
  • like sheep, goats exhibit flocking and following behaviour
  • however goats will split from the herd, and the herd will scatter, much more readily than sheep
  • mustering goats and moving them to and through a goat handling facility must be achieved w minimum stress on the stock and the operator
  • different to mustering and handling sheep
  • goats respond positively when shown where you want them to go
  • goats trainable
  • goats more at risk from handling stress
  • dog use is generally kept to a minimum when handling goats in a yard
72
Q

estimating age by dentition

A
  • 2 tooth; 13-15 months (1yr)
  • 4 tooth ; 18-21 months (less than 2)
  • 6 tooth; 22-24 months (2 yr)
  • 8 permanent incisors 27-32 months
73
Q

famacha

A

looking at eyes for anemic score

74
Q

what is the most practical method of determining the health and nutritional status of adult breeding goats

A

assessment of body condition score

75
Q

gastrointestinal parasites

A

common in high rainfall regions or on irrigates pastures where stocking rates are high and sheep are run on same properties as goats

76
Q

drenches (anthelmintics)

A

duration of activity is much less in goats compared to sheep due to their different metabolism

77
Q

lice infestation

A

common in cooler months in goats in poor body condition w long hair-coat and where stocking rates are high

78
Q

urinary blockages

A

common in castrated pet male goats

79
Q

abortion rates

A

5%

80
Q

pregnancy toxaemia

A

occurs in last 6 weeks of pregnancy when does graze poor quality pasture and are suddenly exposed to cold rainy conditions

81
Q

clostridial diseases

A

tetanus (often associated w some form of wound) and pulpy kidney (associated w anything that causes a slowing of motility of the small intestine ex the sudden intake of excessive amounts of grain)

82
Q

when are breeding goats vaccinated against clostridial disease

A

4-6 weeks prior to kidding this will optimize the development of maternal antibody in colostrum to protect her kids in early life

83
Q

foot rot

A

infectious disease that infects the soft tissue between the claws (hooves) it is the same disease that occurs in sheep

84
Q

minimum 3vax vaccines

6vax vaccines additional 3

A

cheesy gland, tetanus, pulpy kidney

black disease, blackleg, malignant oedema

85
Q

drench anthelminthics

A
  • GI roundworms, large lungworms, tapeworms, and aids in control of adult liver fluke
  • referred to as drenches (oral and injectable)
  • very few registered APVMA aus pesticides and vet med authority for goats
  • require different dose to sheep
  • misused chem resulting in meat residues would jeopardize export industry
86
Q

lice treatment/ control

A
  • limited chemicals registered for goats
  • set the dose rate for the heaviest goat in the group according to label instructions
  • use the correct application gun and ensure that it is delivering the required
  • the application strip pour on should be along the middle of the back of all the way from the top of head to the tail
  • avoid dipping goats
87
Q

CAE; caprine arthritis encephalistis

A
  • big knee
  • contagious viral infection
  • replacement goats should be purchased from herds which have been tested and shown to be free of this disease
  • lameness
88
Q

puberty

A

3.5 - 12 months

  • bucks average 10 months
  • does 4-12 months
  • weight dependent
  • usually 40% of mature weight
89
Q

duration of oestrus
when does ovulation occurs

A

26 hours
ovulation occurs 12 hours after estrus ends

90
Q

frequency of oestrus

A

21 days

91
Q

birth weight for bucks and does

A

bucks 2-2.75 kg
does 2-2.25 kg

92
Q

breeding should occur when does have reached __% body weight

A

70

93
Q

estrus ____ in tropical regions and where good nutrition is maintained due to higher rainfall

in temper regions where growth of pasture is seasonal goats are ______

A

all year round

seasonally polyoestrus

94
Q

when are females usually mated to kid

A

at 18 months of age ie their second year after birth, but they can be mated as early 7 months of age if in good body condition and well grown

95
Q

ratio of bucks to does for breeding

A

5 bucks per 100 does

96
Q

if nutritional conditions are good does can kid 3x in

A

2 years

97
Q

when is the critical period for optimum nutritional management of breeding does

A

is in late gestation and early lactation

98
Q

when does kidding usually occur

A

daylight hours

99
Q

does will ____ from the herd and will ____ their kids in an isolated part of the paddock (parturition)

A

separate
plant

100
Q

newborn kids have low amounts of ____

A

subQ fat so v susceptible to death due to cold expose

101
Q

paddocks for does to kid in should have

A

good shade and tree shelter from cold winds and protection from predators

102
Q

kids very susceptible to predation by

A
  • foxes, wild dogs, pigs
  • in first week of life
103
Q

when does are giving births there should be in the paddock

A

lots of pasture supply and easy access to water

104
Q

the growing fetus gains 70% of its birthweight in

A

the last 6 weeks of gestation

so does need to be on a rising plane of nutrition from this period through to the peak of lactation

105
Q

if the quality and quantity of pasture is poor for preggo does then supplementary feeding needs to be implemented

A

at least 8 weeks prior to kidding

106
Q

when should preggo does be dewormed and vaccinated against clostridial diseases

A

6 weeks before kidding

107
Q

when should kids be vaccinated

A

6-8 weeks of age and then again 4-6 weeks later

108
Q

when should strategic supplementation occur

A

in early lactation for does since they meet not meet their energy requirements from pasture alone especially if they have twins or triplets

109
Q

there is a strong link between _____ and immunity

A

nutrition
- particularly to parasites

110
Q

when are dairy goat kids weaned

A

early age 6 weeks or less using milk replacers

111
Q

when are meat goats weaned

A

before reaching puberty usually around 4 months of age but less than 7 months

112
Q

water consumption per head per day for weaners, adult dry, and doe with kid

A

weaners; 4-6 L
adult dry goat 5-7 L
doe with kid 5-10 L

113
Q

maitenance requirement

A

minimum nutrient levels required to regulate basic bodily function

114
Q

basic dietary components

A

water, energy, protein fibre/ roughage, vitamins and minerlas

115
Q

goats have susceptibility to stress so

A

need more environmental enrichment

116
Q

goats compared to sheep eating

A

they browse more and able to digest lower quality herbage

117
Q

when offered fresh green pasture they will select

A

the most highly digestible grasses in preference to clovers

118
Q

dietary preference percentage of grass, non woody broad leaf (forbs) and browse

A
  • grass 30%
  • forbs 40%
  • browse 30%
    productivity is maximized when goats fed forage diets of high digestibility
119
Q

overstocking or uncontrolled feral pops will lead to

A

severe land degradation

vets 1025 (43 decks)

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