Week 9 Working Memory Flashcards
What is the dual task method?
Used to assess working memory
- Digit Span Task: 0 to 8 digits
- should absorb most of STM capacity
- particularly for larger versus smaller loads
- Reasoning Task: Indicate whether the statement is True/False
- also requires access to STM
What was the prediction of the dual task method?
If memory load absorbs most of STM capacity, then the dual-task performance should be impaired
- shouldnt do well on the reasoning task
- Dual-Task Interference
What were the results of the dual task method?
- No effect on reasoning when memory load is small (0-2 digits)
- Reasoning task slightly slowed by memory load (2.8 sec vs. 2.2 sec)
- Error rate low regardless of load
What was the conclusion after the dual task method?
Short term store that supports digit span is not the same store that supports reasoning
describe the working memory model
Baddeley and Hitch argued that working memory must comprise different components
What are the four components of working memory?
- Auditory working memory
- Visual spatial working memory
- Episodic buffer
- Central executive
What is another term for the auditory working memory? describe it
Phonological loop
- Processes verbal acoustic information
- Such as when you repeat a phone number or name or new vocabulary terms to yourself mentally
- Maintains acoustic codes
What is another term for visual spatial working memory? describe it
Visuospatial sketchpad
- Processes visual and spatial information
- Allows us to temper the store and manipulate images and special information
- as well for my mental maps of the route to some destination
Describe the episodic buffer in working memory
- Provides temporary storage space for information from long-term memory and from the phonological loop and or visuospatial subsystems can be integrated, manipulated, and made available for conscious awareness
- Comes into play when your junk information
Describe the central executive in working memory
- Control center for working memory
- No storage capacity
- Manipulates the contents of the subsystems and allocates resources
- Most complex and active part of working memory
- Directs the action
- Decides how much attention to allocate mental imagery and auditory rehearsal.
- Call upon information from long-term memory and integrates the input
STM is not a ________ storage of information
passive
Describe the phonological store
phonological loop can only process speech based info. So auditory info presented it can go directly to phonological whereas visual needs to go through articulacy loop. Going to have to rehears info in inner voice and transfer visual info to acoustic info in order to get into phonological store.
What is the evidence for the phonological loop?
- Phonological Similarity
- STM for items that sound similar is poor
- Interferes with rehearsal in articulatory loop
- STM for items that sound similar is poor
- Word Length Effect
- Word span is smaller for longer versus shorter words
- More time required to rehearse in articulatory loop
- Word span is smaller for longer versus shorter words
- Articulatory Suppression Effects (aka “yada yada yada”)
- Worse memory when you have to speak out loud!
- Articulatory control NOT available for rehearsal
- Worse memory when you have to speak out loud!
- Irrelevant Speech Effects
- Hearing background speech impairs phonological loop