Week 9 Long Term Memory & Amnesia Flashcards
What is one of the most studied and well-known cases of amnesia?
Patient HM (Henry Gustav Molaison)
What happened with patient HM?
Suffered from epilepsy so it was recommended to remove that brain site and a bilateral temporal lobectomy to me he was done in 1953.
What happened after the operation of HM?
- IQ not affected
- No differences in personality
- Unexpected behavioural change
- Lots of recent memory
What type of memory is affected in amnesia?
STM is intact while parts of the LTM become impaired
what are the two main components of long-term memory?
- Non-declarative memory
- Declarative memory
What are the two subcategories of declarative memory?
- Episodic memory
- Semantic memory
What does declarative memory involve?
- Conscious awareness
- Involves factual knowledge
what is episodic memory?
Is winter store a factual knowledge concerning personal experiences when where and what happened in the episodes of our lives
What is semantic memory?
Represents general factual knowledge about the world and language including memory for words and concepts.
what is procedural memory ?
Reflected in skills and actions one component of procedural memory consists of skills that are expressed by doing things in particular situation
- Classically conditioned responses also reflect procedural memory.
What is priming?
previous exposure to info
Can lead you to be faster
in responding to same info again
What are the two subtypes of a declarative memory?
- Procedural memory
- Priming
What is explicit memory?
Involves conscious or intentional memory retrieval as when you consciously recognize a recall something.
What is implicit memory?
Occurs in memory influences our behaviour without conscious awareness
for patient HM what parts of long-term memory were affected?
*H.M. NOT Impaired on Pre-Existing Semantic Memory
What components is Amnesia split into?
- Anterograde
- Retrograde
What is amnesia Anterograde?
Lots of ability to form new memories after brain injury
What is amnesia retrograde?
Lots of memories before brain injury
do most amnesia patients show Anterograde or retrograde?
Most have both
what is Temporally graded retrograde amnesia?
What is consolidation?
Process that happens after and coding to stabilize memories.
- Requires some amount of time so recent or more fragile
What is the standard model of consolidation?
Memories become more stable overtime, and are stored in different brain systems
What are some predictions of consolidation?
- Recent declarative memories rely on the hippocampus
- Remote declarative memories rely on cortical areas outside the hippocampus
Remote episodic autobiographical memories really preserved in retrograde amnesia?
For patient HM he could not recall a single episodic autobiographical memory of an event that took place with his mother or father instead he focussed entirely on semantic information.
What is the multiple trace theory?
Each time a memory is retrieved a new memory trace is created that remote memories are stronger than recent ones
what are some predictions of multiple Trace theory?
Episodic memories always depend on the hippocampus
Semantic memories become gradually stored in the cortex
