Week 2 Lecture Critical Thinking & Cognitive Biases Flashcards
1
Q
What is critical thinking?
A
2
Q
A
3
Q
What are characteristics of popular articles?
A
4
Q
What is NOT critical thinking?
A
- Being negative or argumentative
- Bashing other people’s ideas
- Simply thinking a lot or harder
- Beliefs about the world
5
Q
What is availability heuristic?
A
- Decisions based on judgments for how many similar situations initially come to mind
- Recent and memorable examples often weighted more
- Especially negative outcomes
6
Q
What is confirmation bias?
A
We seek information that supports how we think, rather than alternative information
7
Q
What is system 1 thinking?
A
Heuristics
PROs:
- Relies on mental short cuts or “heuristics”
- Save cognitive energy and time
CONs:
- Are not always correct
- Lead to biases
fast, unconcious, automatic, everyday decisions, error prone
8
Q
What is hindsight bias?
A
- “Knew-it-all-along” Effect
- Seems intuitive after the fact
- Retrospective thinking
9
Q
What is falsifibility?
A
the capacity for a statement, theory or hypothesis to be contradicted by evidence.
10
Q
How should you approach new information?
A
- Weigh all the evidence, not just the most recent and memorable
- Doubt your intuition that you already knew-it-all- along
- Think about what you would predict BEFORE you see the results
- Seek out evidence that would disconfirm your idea
11
Q
What are characterisitics of scholarly articles?
A
12
Q
How do you check for falsifibility?
A
13
Q
What questions should you ask critically evaluate a psychological claim?
A
- whats the claim?
- is the source credible?
- whats the evidence?
- Are there other explanations?
- Whats the appropriate conclusion?
