Week 4 Lecture Ethical Principles Flashcards
1
Q
All psychologists must:
A
- Protect and promote the welfare of participants. Avoid doing harm to participants.
- Not carry out any studies unless the probable benefit is proportionately greater than the risk.
- Provide informed consent.
- Oral or written consent is usually required
- Withdrawal without penalty
- Reasonable steps made to ensure consent is not coerced
- Ensure privacy (right of participant to keep information private) and confidentiality (duty of experimenter not to disclose information given in confidence).
2
Q
Ethical issues in milgrim study
A
- Psychological Harm
• Extremely stressful situation - No Right to withdrawal from study
• Experimenter insists participant continue - Deception
• Told the study was about the influence of punishment on learning
• Thought they were shocking another participant
3
Q
How are ethical standards ensured to be followed?
A
- Tri-council government policy for ethical conduct for research involving humans
- University Ethics Review Board
4
Q
What are responsibilites of using animals in studies?
A
- to ensure that good science is done
- to meet ethical responsibilities for ensuring that every animal is treated humanely and not subjected to unnecessary pain or distress, and
- to work within the accepted standards for experimental animal care and use
5
Q
ethical standards
A
Designed to protect the welfare humans and animal subjects in psychological research
6
Q
incomplete disclosure or deception
A
occurs when participants are misled about nature of research
- Controversial - violates informed consent
- Permitted only if no alternative is available
- Must be debriefed about true nature of research
7
Q
What are some of the most commonly used animals in studies?
A
- worms
- fruit flies
- mice
- rats
- monkeys
8
Q
How could milgrims study be replicated today with ethical standards?
A
- Reduce Psychological Harm
- Exclude participants who might have a negative reaction
- Presence of clinical psychologist to end study if signs of distress
- Reduce maximum level of fake ”shock” from 450 to 150 volts
- Milgrim found that 79% of people who made it to 150 volts continued to the highest level
- Allow Right to withdrawal from study
- Participants told three times they can withdraw from the study for any reason and will not be penalized
- Deception
- Full debriefing: participant informed immediately after last shock that the learner had actually received no shock