Week 7 Behavioural Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is behavioural genetics?

A

How hereditary and environmental factors combine to influence psychological characteristics

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2
Q

What is heredity?

A

means the passage of characteristics from parent to offspring by way of genes

  • Parents and children share 50% of genes
  • Biological siblings share 50% of genes
  • Identical twins share 100% of genes
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3
Q

What is concordance rate?

A

Rate of co-occurrence of a characteristic among individuals (whether people are alike or not)

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4
Q

What does a higher concordance rate imply?

A

Higher concordance rates among individuals who are more highly related to one another = possible genetic contribution

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5
Q

What are the two types of twins?

A
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6
Q

Based off twin studies, if a trait is more genetically influenced then…

A

identical twin > fraterinal twins

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7
Q

Based off twin studies, if a trait is more environmentally influenced then…

A

identical twins = fraternal twins

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8
Q

Is the environment for identical twins and fraternal twins really the same?

A

Identical twins are often treated the same same in an environment over fraternal twins

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9
Q

What types of environments might identical twins experience?

A
  • shared environment: home, family
  • unique environment: friends, hobbies
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10
Q

What type of study is often used to study behavioural genetics?

A
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11
Q

How is behaviour expected to change depending on adoption?

A
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12
Q

What type of study that goes beyond adoption studies is used to study behavioural genetics?

A
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13
Q

How might behavioural genetics change when studying monozygotic twins in a study?

A
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14
Q

How did a meta analysis study on monozygotic twins who were raised apart versus race together show how environment and genetics both influence behavioural genetics?

A

Allows us to tease apart the variance associated with: genetics, shared environment, & unique environment

  • not a lot of difference so suggests environment does not play much of a role for identical twins
  • more of a difference in fraternal twins
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15
Q

What did the Minnesota Twin Study show?

A
  • Genetic factors 39-58%
  • Unique experience 36-56%
  • Familial environment little or no
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16
Q

What is a reaction range?

A

the boundaries for the expression of a genetic trait

  • Environmental effects determine where person falls within these limits
17
Q

What is an example of a reaction range?

A

IQ

  • Reaction range may cover 15-20 IQ points
18
Q

What are some ethical issues of twin studies?

A

Randomly assigning twins to be reared apart & deceiving participants about the goal to study twins is NOT ethical