WEEK 9- Cranial nerves, brainstem Flashcards
Cranial nerveshave both _____ and ______ components
motor + sesnory
all but 3 CN emerge fromt he brainstem… which
1,2, 11
snesory only CN ?
1, 2, 8
motor only cn ?
3,4,6,11,12
mixed cn?
5,7,9,10
Which divisionof teh autonomic nervous system do cranial nerve play in
PARA
true or false parasymp NS has both cranial and sacral dicions
true
where are cranial nerve nuclei located
brainstem (mostly)
true or false CN 3-12 all have their nuclei in the brainstem
false, 11 = in anterior horns of c1-c6
type of modality closest to the midline is
somatic motor
the two modalities on either side of the sulcus limitants in the brainstem are
visceral motor
visceral sensory
paralysis of facial expression muscles is which cranial berve lesion
cranial nerve 7
facial
true or false cranial nerve lesions will present with different symptoms depending on where and at what level the lesion is
true
what are the 3 main functions of teh brainstem
- conduit between brain and spinal cord
- source of cranial nerves
- consciousness !!1
what are the 3 partitons of teh brainstem
midbrain pons medulla
true or false the medulla is the lowest part of the brainstema nd merges into the spinal cord
true
what does themedulla regualte>? ( 4 things)
heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, temperature (stroke is devastating)
which reflexes are part of the brainstem
vomiting
sneezing
digestion
balance
which crossing fibers are part of the medulla
pyramidal decussation
internal arcuate fibers (medial lem)
pathways of medial lem and spinal lem (we know this )
.
which nuclei are present in the CAUDAL MEDULLA
nucleus gracilis an dnucelus cuneatus
what are the medullary oyramids for
desceninding corticospinal trcats
what is the inferior olive
fine motor behavious
major source of input to the cerebellum / Coordinate signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to11 regulate motor coordination and learning
what is the pons
Mass of decussating fibers that cross the midline
what are pontine nucleu for
- Involved in motor activity (relay info from M1 to the cerebellum)
what are cerebellar peduncle for
Contains the tracts between the brain and cerebellum
mesopontine cholinergic system is?
arousal, attention, learning, reward, voluntary mvt, locomotion
where is LOCUS COERULUS located>
pons
what is NE for
arousal, emotions, mood, autonomic system
what is pedunculopontine nucleus
acetylcholine projecting cells
where do pedunculopontine nucleus have projections
ascending projections to inferior frontal cortex/ intralaminar nucleus
where do pedunculopontine nucleus receive input from
basal ganglia
where do pedunculopontine nucleus project to
brainstem and motor nuclei
what is ACH involved in
arousal, attention, learning, reward, and voluntary limb movements and locomotion, REM sleep
which two colliculi are part of the midbrain
superior
inferioir
what is the superior coll involved in
involved in vision
involved in multisensory integration
involved in neck & ocular movements
Inferior Colliculus is involved in….
involved in auditory system
midbrain contains which srtuctures
substansia nigra
red nucl
cerebral ped
sustansia nigra role?
dopamine - basal ganglia
true or fa;se damage to sub nigra can lead to parkinsons
true
what is red nucleus for
rubrospinal tract = flexors for uppe rlimbs mostly
role of cerebral peduncles
Massive projections from the cerebral cortex to
brainstem and spinal cord targets
which cn nerve nucleus is located in the rostral mid
occulomotor
accessory occ
what is the reticular formation
Numerous clusters of neurons scattered among axon bundles
anat : diffuse networls of nuceli
name some functions of the reticular formation
Sleep & wakefulness regulation,
mood (serotonin)
Cardiovascular & respiratory digestive controls
Reticulospinal tract (Limb & truck mvts)
true or false the reticular formation relays eye and ear signa,s to the cerebellum
true
wher eis teh RF located in the brainstem (3 distinct areas)
midbrain
lower pons
middle medulla
wheres does the vestibular nucleus span
rostral medulla to caudal pons
the medial part of the ventral horn is for
axial and proxmial muscles
what is the vestibuolospinal tract for
rapid posture instability
what is teh reticulospinal trcat for
postural adjustment during ongoingmovements
lateral and intermediate parts of the ventral horn are for:
distal muscles
what is the rubrospinal trcat for
Role in humans is unclear, few neurons in comparison to non- human primates and other mammals
ANAT: FLEXOR POSTURING
deceberate posturing ?
extended position in coma
extensors predominate = vestibulospinal tract
decorticate posturing?
flexor muscles predominate
