WEEK 10- BRAIN PLASTICITY Flashcards
how did the our first undertsanding of brain functions come about
accidental daamge
what did phineas gage injury show
It gave the first modern evidence that different brain parts perform different functions.
different areas of the brain have different functions
with the development of the microspoe what coulkd we do?
classify the brain into different regions base don their architecture (cellular layers that make up the brain)
true or false each area of the brain has a different pattern of nerve cells (cell types and thickness of layers) but same areas in different people have the same patterns
TRUE
what wa sthe conclusion of microspoe and broadmans areas
Conclusion: Structure must have a relation to function
how many broadmans areas are there
52
the neocortex is defined by how many layers
6
there are 6 layers in the _____
neocortex
layer 1 in the neocortex is
neuropil
layer 2 in the neocortex is
small pyramidal neurons
layer 3 in the neocortex is
small pyramidal neurons
layer 4 in the neocortex is
stellate neurons
layer 5 in the neocortex is
larger pyramidal neurons
layer 6 in the neocortex is
some pyramidal neurons
which layer is closest to our skull
layer 1
which layer is deepest (cortical lamination)
layer 6
layer 4 received lots of input from what
thalamus
,ost of teh cortical layers receive input from
brainstem and other cortical areas
which layers have corticocortical output
1, 2
which layer projects to another hemisphere
layer 3
which layers projects out of the cortex
5,6
which part of our being is complex highe rbrian funcitons
emotions
awareness
language
memory
sleep /wakefullness
true or false a simple behaviour is mediated by 1 area of teh brain
false
many parts of tehbrain
in addition to primary cortices what else do we have
association cortices
true or false we have ore primary areas than association areas
false opposite
true or false association areas integrate information from other regions.
true
are hippocampus , thlamus and brainstem part of primary cortex or association
primary
name 2 primary cortex areas
visual
somatosensory
Parietal association cortex mediates:
attention
(from anat visual and somatosensory…..)
Temporal association cortex…..
Involvedinthe identification of stimuli
frontal association cortex is involved in
planning decision making
how would you explain cognition
integrated abilities from frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
true or false primary areas send info to association areas
true
true or false association areas also send out info to primary areas
true
do left and right hemispheres talk to eachother
yes
what do the association areas make sense of
info coming from
primary areas
thalamus
brainstem
cortex
parietal lobe is specifically involved in
ATTENTION
which primary cortice is in the parietal lobe
and which other primary info can also be found in parietal lobe
somatosensory
also audiotry info and visual
what is stereognosis
(thought it was stereogenesis…)
ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual information/keys, comb, safety pins
which association area allows us to have steregnosis
parietal
true or false someone with a parietal lobe lesion soemone wont be able to identify objects without vidual input
true
parietal cortex allows for:
stereogmosis
visuomotor transformation (hemineglect)
where youa re in space
attentiveness !! = even thought you see somethin on the left your brain is not able to undertsand it
parietal association coretx receives input from
primary somatosensory cortex
visual
auditory
AND HIPPOCAMPUS
right parietal lobe lesion
Right Lesion = personal neglect syndrome (Apraxia)
§ such patients may not dress, undress, or wash the left affected side
true or false the right hemisphere (parietal region) has bilateral attention yet the left side only has right side projections
true
what would happen if we had a right parietal association cortex lesion (attention)
severe left neglect
what would happen if we had a left parietal association cortex lesion (attention)
minimal rigth neglect = gtting info from right sidfe also
what is body image
sensation of our body configuration or posture
what defecits would you see in a parietal lobe lesion in terms of recognitiona nd body image
inability to point to a named body part
=Asomatognosia
what is Asomatognosia
lack of awareness or ownership of one’s arm
primarily on the left… what are defecits we could see in th eparietal association cortex (internally generated movement)
apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
what is apraxia
inability to execute or carry out skilled mvt and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them
what is Ideomotor Apraxia
inability to imitate an action or gesture on command
n making sawing movements, waving
temporal lobe is hioghly known for
RECOGNITION
… and audiotry functions
which language area is in the temporal love
wenickes
wernickes area is an example of recognizing
language
temporal lobe also has connections to
olfaction and memory
temporal lobe lesions affcet recognison what is the name for this
agnosia = is the inability to process sensory information
= defecit in the acknoledge of the presence of stimulus
true or false temporal lobe lesion causes oss of the ability to recognize objects, shapes, sounds, or smells while the specific sense is not defective
true
stroke in the temporal lobe for example can cause loss of which type of recognition
facial recognition
loss of facial recognition is called
prosopganosia
which area of the temporal lobe is specific for recognizing face
inferior temporal lobe
true or false, someone with inferior temporal lobe lesion cannot recognize faces but can recognize voicves
TRUE
removing part of the brain in temporal lobe = abit of hippocampus has caused what for patient HM
he had anterograde amnesia
= remebers everything before surgery but nothing after
the frontal lobe consists of ______ of the cerebrum
1/3 rd
the frontal lobe can be divide din how many parts
3
what are the 3 parts of the frontal lobe
motor cortex
premotor area
prefrontal cortex
lesion to brocas area
no longer able to produce speech
true or false we have sensory and motor homonculus
true
left MCA lesion can cause what defecit (think speech)
brocas aphasia
brocas aphasia caused by which lesion
LEFT MCA
lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in” switching/ perseverance” explain
cannot inhibit the initial motor plan
lesion to frontal association areas
difficulty in carrying out complex behaviors that are appropriate to the circumstances
frontal association areas has information from which parts of teh brain
motor, sensory, temporal, parietal
lesion to prefrontal cortex
A lack of social inhibition.
n A person can be easily irritable, blunt, impolite
and often vulgar.
n Inability to plan or complete a task of several steps (e.g. shopping or cooking a meal).
n Dramatic personality changes (e.g. flattening of affect, rapid mood swings, irresponsible and unable to predict consequences of actions).
explain the monkey example…. which association cortex is this
frontal
theres a amomeory aspect to this
what is the occipital lobe responsible for
Primary Visual Functions
Visual Perception
Recognition of colors
Recognition of form
true or false Some functions are performed by one hemisphere and not by the other
true
1) Language and speech are limited to the ____hemisphere (Broca’s & Wernike’s areas).
left
2) The ability to organize and use visuo-spatial information is better in the _____hemisphere.
right
3) The _____ hemisphere is better than the ______ for face recognition.
righ
left
which hemisphere is for small details
left
which hemisphere is for larger overall images
right
true ir false Left-handed individuals usually have speech on the opposite side (right) from right-handed individuals (left)
true
if your left handed where is usually your langauge hemisphere
right
