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Phgy 455 > WEEK 10- BRAIN PLASTICITY > Flashcards

WEEK 10- BRAIN PLASTICITY Flashcards

1
Q

how did the our first undertsanding of brain functions come about

A

accidental daamge

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2
Q

what did phineas gage injury show

A

It gave the first modern evidence that different brain parts perform different functions.

different areas of the brain have different functions

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3
Q

with the development of the microspoe what coulkd we do?

A

classify the brain into different regions base don their architecture (cellular layers that make up the brain)

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4
Q

true or false each area of the brain has a different pattern of nerve cells (cell types and thickness of layers) but same areas in different people have the same patterns

A

TRUE

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5
Q

what wa sthe conclusion of microspoe and broadmans areas

A

Conclusion: Structure must have a relation to function

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6
Q

how many broadmans areas are there

A

52

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7
Q

the neocortex is defined by how many layers

A

6

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8
Q

there are 6 layers in the _____

A

neocortex

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9
Q

layer 1 in the neocortex is

A

neuropil

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10
Q

layer 2 in the neocortex is

A

small pyramidal neurons

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11
Q

layer 3 in the neocortex is

A

small pyramidal neurons

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12
Q

layer 4 in the neocortex is

A

stellate neurons

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13
Q

layer 5 in the neocortex is

A

larger pyramidal neurons

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14
Q

layer 6 in the neocortex is

A

some pyramidal neurons

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15
Q

which layer is closest to our skull

A

layer 1

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16
Q

which layer is deepest (cortical lamination)

A

layer 6

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17
Q

layer 4 received lots of input from what

A

thalamus

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18
Q

,ost of teh cortical layers receive input from

A

brainstem and other cortical areas

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19
Q

which layers have corticocortical output

A

1, 2

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20
Q

which layer projects to another hemisphere

A

layer 3

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21
Q

which layers projects out of the cortex

A

5,6

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22
Q

which part of our being is complex highe rbrian funcitons

A

emotions
awareness
language
memory
sleep /wakefullness

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23
Q

true or false a simple behaviour is mediated by 1 area of teh brain

A

false
many parts of tehbrain

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24
Q

in addition to primary cortices what else do we have

A

association cortices

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25
Q

true or false we have ore primary areas than association areas

A

false opposite

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26
Q

true or false association areas integrate information from other regions.

A

true

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27
Q

are hippocampus , thlamus and brainstem part of primary cortex or association

A

primary

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28
Q

name 2 primary cortex areas

A

visual
somatosensory

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29
Q

Parietal association cortex mediates:

A

attention
(from anat visual and somatosensory…..)

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30
Q

Temporal association cortex…..

A

Involvedinthe identification of stimuli

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31
Q

frontal association cortex is involved in

A

planning decision making

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32
Q

how would you explain cognition

A

integrated abilities from frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

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33
Q

true or false primary areas send info to association areas

A

true

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34
Q

true or false association areas also send out info to primary areas

A

true

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35
Q

do left and right hemispheres talk to eachother

A

yes

36
Q

what do the association areas make sense of

A

info coming from
primary areas
thalamus
brainstem
cortex

37
Q

parietal lobe is specifically involved in

A

ATTENTION

38
Q

which primary cortice is in the parietal lobe
and which other primary info can also be found in parietal lobe

A

somatosensory

also audiotry info and visual

39
Q

what is stereognosis
(thought it was stereogenesis…)

A

ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual information/keys, comb, safety pins

40
Q

which association area allows us to have steregnosis

A

parietal

41
Q

true or false someone with a parietal lobe lesion soemone wont be able to identify objects without vidual input

A

true

42
Q

parietal cortex allows for:

A

stereogmosis
visuomotor transformation (hemineglect)
where youa re in space
attentiveness !! = even thought you see somethin on the left your brain is not able to undertsand it

43
Q

parietal association coretx receives input from

A

primary somatosensory cortex
visual
auditory
AND HIPPOCAMPUS

44
Q

right parietal lobe lesion

A

Right Lesion = personal neglect syndrome (Apraxia)
§ such patients may not dress, undress, or wash the left affected side

45
Q

true or false the right hemisphere (parietal region) has bilateral attention yet the left side only has right side projections

A

true

46
Q

what would happen if we had a right parietal association cortex lesion (attention)

A

severe left neglect

47
Q

what would happen if we had a left parietal association cortex lesion (attention)

A

minimal rigth neglect = gtting info from right sidfe also

48
Q

what is body image

A

sensation of our body configuration or posture

49
Q

what defecits would you see in a parietal lobe lesion in terms of recognitiona nd body image

A

inability to point to a named body part
=Asomatognosia

50
Q

what is Asomatognosia

A

lack of awareness or ownership of one’s arm

51
Q

primarily on the left… what are defecits we could see in th eparietal association cortex (internally generated movement)

A

apraxia
ideomotor apraxia

52
Q

what is apraxia

A

inability to execute or carry out skilled mvt and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them

53
Q

what is Ideomotor Apraxia

A

inability to imitate an action or gesture on command
n making sawing movements, waving

54
Q

temporal lobe is hioghly known for

A

RECOGNITION
… and audiotry functions

55
Q

which language area is in the temporal love

A

wenickes

56
Q

wernickes area is an example of recognizing

A

language

57
Q

temporal lobe also has connections to

A

olfaction and memory

58
Q

temporal lobe lesions affcet recognison what is the name for this

A

agnosia = is the inability to process sensory information

= defecit in the acknoledge of the presence of stimulus

59
Q

true or false temporal lobe lesion causes oss of the ability to recognize objects, shapes, sounds, or smells while the specific sense is not defective

A

true

60
Q

stroke in the temporal lobe for example can cause loss of which type of recognition

A

facial recognition

61
Q

loss of facial recognition is called

A

prosopganosia

62
Q

which area of the temporal lobe is specific for recognizing face

A

inferior temporal lobe

63
Q

true or false, someone with inferior temporal lobe lesion cannot recognize faces but can recognize voicves

A

TRUE

64
Q

removing part of the brain in temporal lobe = abit of hippocampus has caused what for patient HM

A

he had anterograde amnesia
= remebers everything before surgery but nothing after

65
Q

the frontal lobe consists of ______ of the cerebrum

A

1/3 rd

66
Q

the frontal lobe can be divide din how many parts

A

3

67
Q

what are the 3 parts of the frontal lobe

A

motor cortex
premotor area
prefrontal cortex

68
Q

lesion to brocas area

A

no longer able to produce speech

69
Q

true or false we have sensory and motor homonculus

A

true

70
Q

left MCA lesion can cause what defecit (think speech)

A

brocas aphasia

71
Q

brocas aphasia caused by which lesion

A

LEFT MCA

72
Q

lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in” switching/ perseverance” explain

A

cannot inhibit the initial motor plan

73
Q

lesion to frontal association areas

A

difficulty in carrying out complex behaviors that are appropriate to the circumstances

74
Q

frontal association areas has information from which parts of teh brain

A

motor, sensory, temporal, parietal

75
Q

lesion to prefrontal cortex

A

A lack of social inhibition.
n A person can be easily irritable, blunt, impolite
and often vulgar.
n Inability to plan or complete a task of several steps (e.g. shopping or cooking a meal).
n Dramatic personality changes (e.g. flattening of affect, rapid mood swings, irresponsible and unable to predict consequences of actions).

76
Q

explain the monkey example…. which association cortex is this

A

frontal
theres a amomeory aspect to this

77
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

Primary Visual Functions
Visual Perception
Recognition of colors
Recognition of form

78
Q

true or false Some functions are performed by one hemisphere and not by the other

A

true

79
Q

1) Language and speech are limited to the ____hemisphere (Broca’s & Wernike’s areas).

A

left

80
Q

2) The ability to organize and use visuo-spatial information is better in the _____hemisphere.

A

right

81
Q

3) The _____ hemisphere is better than the ______ for face recognition.

A

righ
left

82
Q

which hemisphere is for small details

A

left

83
Q

which hemisphere is for larger overall images

A

right

84
Q

true ir false Left-handed individuals usually have speech on the opposite side (right) from right-handed individuals (left)

A

true

85
Q

if your left handed where is usually your langauge hemisphere

A

right

86
Q
A

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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