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Phgy 455 > WEEK 5 - CP pt 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 5 - CP pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is visceral nervous sytem visceral nervous sytem voluntary or involuntary

A

inv

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2
Q

what is the VNS (ANS) mediated by

A

activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle fibers & glands

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3
Q

true or false we dont need a continuous regulation ANS

A

false its important for the physiological balance of body functions = homeostasis

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4
Q

what are teh 3 components of ans

A
  1. sympathetic NS
  2. PARASYMPT
  3. ENTERIC NS
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5
Q

what is sympathetic ns

A

fight or flight
Mobilizes resources for challenges

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6
Q

what is parasympathetic ns

A

rest and digest
most active in quiet periods

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7
Q

what is enteric ns

A

Control of vegetative processes (digestion etc.)

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8
Q

satnding up and BP drops alot is a symptoms of which system not continously regulated

A

ANS

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9
Q

what happens if if the barrier of the intestine is affected

A

it can lead to viral leakage in the system and cause different pathologies

disregulation of ANS

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10
Q

true or false, in the ans the output is sent out in local circuits from the spinal cord

A

false, Output is determined by a combination of higher cerebral influences and sensory inputs

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11
Q

which areas of the brain are considered the “higher cerebral influences”

A

cerebral cortex
amygdala
hyppocampus

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12
Q

which part of your brain receives info from sensory inputs

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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13
Q

which brain regions does hypothal;amus send info to regarding ANS

A

cerebral cortex
amygdala
hyppocampus

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14
Q

what is the importance of hypothalamus

A

compares input to biological setpoints and sets out responses to maintain homeostatis
(visceral motor, somatic motor, gneuroendocrine ect

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15
Q

the hypothalamus….

A

Maintains homeostasis as well as the control of basic biological functions related to maintenance of the organism

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16
Q

what kind of complex functions is hypothlamus

A

§ Blood flow
§ Energy metabolism
§ Reproductive activity
§ Heart rate, blood pressure temperature, hunger,
§ important aspects of parenting and attachment behaviors, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms
§ Coordination of sympathetic & parasympathetic responses

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17
Q

true or false, contectual information projecting to the hypothalamus can help you recognize that situations can be thretening for example

A

true
aids in memory and learning

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18
Q

true or false hypothalmaus receives info only from sensory inputs and makes a decisionn

A

false , also from higher brain powers

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19
Q

true or false hypothalamus is made up of different nuclei

A

true

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20
Q

true or false, hypothalamus makes hormone sthat eitehr excite or inhibit pituitary hormones

A

true

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21
Q

what specific neuron does the hypothalamus control

A

preganglionic in the brainstem and spinal cord

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22
Q

preganglionic neurons synapse with what and where

A

primary motor neurons in autonomic ganglia

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23
Q

to what does primary motor neurons send info to

A

end organs
smooth msucle, cardia mucsle and glands

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24
Q

spinal visceral neurons sends info to nucleus of the solitary track true or false

A

true

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25
Q

nucleus of solitary tract receive info from

A

spinal visceral sensory neurons, cranial nerves 9 and 10

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26
Q

where are preganglionic cells located in the spinal cord

A

lateral horns (primarily in thoracic can also be found in sacral)

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27
Q

what does the lateral horn contain

A

cell body of the preganglionic visceral neurons

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28
Q

what lamina contains preganglionic cells

A

lamina 7 intermediate grey

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29
Q

autonomic motor neurons are also referred to as

A

post ganglionic neurons

30
Q

where are post ganglionic neurons located

A

outside the spinal cord in cell groups called the autonomic ganglia

31
Q

true or false post ganglionic neurons are located in th espinal cord

A

false PRE

32
Q

true or false post ganglionic neurons are activated by preganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia

A

TRUE

33
Q

What is the main difference between somatic MOTOR system and Autonomic MOTOR system

A

somatic: 1 motor neuron going to muscle
autonomic : 2 motor neurons (1 preganglionic and 1 post ganglionic

34
Q

are post ganglionic cell for sympathetic division located close or far from spinal cord

A

close

35
Q

where do preganglionic neurons synapse for sympathetic divison

A
  1. paravertebral ganglion (sympathetic chain)
  2. pre vertebral ganglion
36
Q

are post ganglionic cell for parasympathetic division located close or far from spinal cord

A

far (closer to target oragns)

37
Q

for somatic system what neurotransmitter is released at teh neuromsucular junction

A

ach

38
Q

FOR SYMPATHETIC :
where is the exact location of prefanglionic neuron

A

Cell body in lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (T1-L3

39
Q

FOR SYMPATHETIC :
where is the exact location of postfanglionic neuron

A

Cell body is in the sympathetic chain (1) or sympathetic ganglion near the target organ (2)

40
Q

in sympathetic division preganglionic release what neurotransmitter

A

ach

41
Q

in sympathetic division postganglionic release what neurotransmitter

A

nor ep

42
Q

what are some key factpors of sympathetic NS

A

n Pupils dilate and eyelids retract
n Blood vessels of the skin and gut constrict
n Piloerection & Bronchodilation
n Heart rate & contractile force increase
n Quiescent digestive and other vegetative functions
n The adrenal medulla is activated to release epinephrine and noradrenaline in the bloodstream
n Pancreas releases glucagon

43
Q

FOR PARASYMPATHETIC :
where is the exact location of pregangfanglionic neuron

A

brainstem and lateral horn of scarl spinal cord (s1-s5)

44
Q

FOR PARASYMPATHETIC :
where is the exact location of postgangfanglionic neuron

A

in parasympathetic ganglia near target organ

45
Q

in parasympathetic division postganglionic release what neurotransmitter

A

ach

46
Q

in parasympathetic division preganglionganglionic release what neurotransmitter

A

ach

47
Q

true or false post ganglion neuron cell bodies are located close to target orangs in parasympathetic system

A

true

48
Q

name some fucntions of parasympatheitc system

A

Opposite of the sympathetic system:
n Constricts pupils
n Slows heart rate
n Increases peristalsis of the gut
n Promote voiding of the urine from the bladder

49
Q

true or false Many organs have dual innervation by Parasympathetic and Sympathetic axons

A

true

50
Q

true or false
n Sweat glands
n Adrenal medulla
n Piloerector muscles of the skin n Most arterial blood vessels
all part of para and symathetic divisons

A

false just sympathetic

51
Q

where does the eneteric nervous system reside

A

gastrointestinal tract

52
Q

where are cell bodies and axons of enteric neurons fouind

A

cell bodies and
their axons are found within the gut

53
Q

true or false enteric neurons are extreinsic

A

false intrinsic

54
Q

what is the submucous plexus

A

§Provides chemical monitoring and
glandular secretion

§Local circuit neurons that integrate this information

55
Q

what is myenteric plexus

A

§controls intrinsic musculature of the gut peristalsis

56
Q

true or flase both submucosal and myenteric plexus:

§Works in a coordinated manner when disconnected from CNS and VNS

A

true = which is why if we have a spinal cord injury digestive processes are still working

57
Q

true. orfalse there are LOTS of nerves in the gut

A

true

58
Q

does the enteric nervous system get input form para or synmpa

A

BOTH

59
Q

post ganglionic neruon in symapthetic secretes what on target for enteric ns

A

NE

60
Q

post ganglionic neruon in paraymapthetic secretes what on target for enteric ns

A

ach

61
Q

post ganglionic neurons for enteric ns arrises form where

A

brainstem

62
Q

what two ways do we have sensory control of the ANS

A
  1. Feed-back to local reflexes
  2. informs higher integrative centers of more complex patterns of stimulation
63
Q

what are some receptors in sensory control of ANS

A

s
n Nerve endings sensitive to pressure or stretch n Wall of the hearth, bladder, GI tract
n Specialized chemoreceptors
n Oxygen-sensitive cells in the carotid bodies
n Acidity
n Toxic substances
n Nociceptors
n Damaging stretch, ischemia, irritating chemicals

64
Q

where do first order sensory neurons synapse with second order for ANS

A

dorsal horn

65
Q

true or false General sensory afferents from thoracic and upper abdomen organs + neck and head viscera - enter brainstem directly via nucleus of the solitary track

A

true

66
Q

where do second order neurons of ANS system synapse

A

reticular formation, forebrain and visceral motor nuclei

67
Q

what does human microbiota inclide

A

bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses

68
Q

what is the Microbiome-gut-brain axis

A

bidirectional communication between the
central and the enteric nervous system, including the gut flora

69
Q

can the microbiome gut brain axis Link emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions

A

yes

70
Q

which conditions do disturbance sin Microbiome-gut-brain axis lead to

A

autism, anxiety-depressive behaviours, irritable bowel syndrome, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

71
Q

name some conditions associated with VNS dysfunction

A

n Horner’s Syndrome
n Blood pressure and postural hypotension
n Autonomic dysreflexia n Obesity (some types)
n Bladder control
n Sexual functions & dysfunctions n Complex regional pain syndrome

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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