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Phgy 455 > WEEK 4- Fibro pt 1 > Flashcards

WEEK 4- Fibro pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is sensation

A

transduce, encode and perceive information generated by stimuli arising from both external and internal environments

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2
Q

true or false sensation can be perceived from internal or external environemtnts

A

true

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3
Q

true or false sensation is only restricted to somatic sensory system

A

false , can be visual, auditory, vestibular, and chemical systems

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4
Q

true or false a small area of the brain is devoted to somatosensory

A

false, mcuh of the brain is involved

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5
Q

true or false somatic sensory system is the most diverse sensory system

A

true

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6
Q

somatosensery information can come from what 3 things

A

skin
muscles
joints

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7
Q

somatic sensory system can be divide din 3 components

A

n Muscles, tendons & joints receptors

n Cutaneous mechanoreceptors

n Pain, temperature and coarse touch

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8
Q

what do Muscles, tendons & joints receptors sense

A

limb position / proprioception

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9
Q

what do cutaneous mechanoreceptord sense

A

touch pressure vibration

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10
Q

what do nociceptros and thermoreceptors sense

A

paina nd tempertaure

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11
Q

what receptors sense proprioception

A

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organ

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12
Q

what receptors sense touch

A

type 1 cutaneous,
type 2 cutaneous
tactile/touch receptor
lamellar corpuscle

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13
Q

true or false the diameter of touch neurons are much larger than for proprioception

A

false
a alpha is much larger than a beta

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14
Q

true or false proprioceptor axons conduct info much faster

A

true

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15
Q

somatic sensation comes form

A

specialized neurons

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16
Q

somatosensweory (senseory neurons) cell body is lctaed in

A

DRG

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17
Q

Afferent nerve fibers whose peripheral processes ramify within the….

A

skin or the muscle fibers

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18
Q

true or false
Action potentials generated in afferent fibres by an event occurring at the skin or muscle propagate along the fibre, past the cell body, and reach fibre synaptic terminals in the CNS.

A

true

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19
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway are in charge of what sensations

A

fine tocuh
conscious prop
vibration

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20
Q

anterolateral system is incharge of what sensation

A

pain
tenp
crude touch
pressure

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21
Q

Sensory information is conveyed in….

A

multiple parallel pathways

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22
Q

true or false Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and hair follicles also contribute to proprioception, in addition to touch

A

true

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23
Q

what other receors contribute to propriocept in addition to touch

A

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and hair follicles

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24
Q

where does DCML decussate

A

medulla = brainstem

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25
Q

where does anterolateal decussate

A

in the spinal cord = AWC

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26
Q

what kind of fibers are we working with for DCML

A

a aplha
a beta

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27
Q

what kind of fibers are we working with for anterolateral systenm

A

adelta
c

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28
Q

name all the cutaneous receptos

A

type 1 curanepus
type 2 cutaneous
free nerve ending
hair follicle receptor
touch tactile
lamellar corpusc;e

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29
Q

type 1 cutaneous is in charge of

A

light otuch and vibration

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30
Q

type 2 cutaneous in in charge of

A

stretch and sustained prssure

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31
Q

lamellar corpuscle is in charge of

A

high freq vib
sudden change in pressure

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32
Q

hair follicle recep is in charge of

A

air on skin moving air

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33
Q

tactile touch corpuscle is responsible for

A

light and low freq vib

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34
Q

free nerve ending is resposnible for

A

paina nd temp

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35
Q

expkain Transduction mechanisms of a mechanosensory afferent

A

Membrane of the afferent nerve is sensitive to stretching
Stretching leads to cation channels opening
Depolarization causes generator potential in the fibers
If the cell is sufficiently depolarized, an action potential is generated

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36
Q

what area is lamina 3-4-5

A

nucleus proprius

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37
Q

where does synapse between 1 neuron and 2nd neuron happen

A

lamina 3-4 nucleus proridu = where the collaterals are located

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38
Q

what kind of info does fasciculus garcilis hace

A

Fasciculus gracilis carries signals from lower limbs (below t6)

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39
Q

where does info passing in fasciculus gracilis synapse

A

synapse in the nucleus gracilis

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40
Q

what kind of info does fasciculus cuneatus hace

A

upper limbs (t6 and above)

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41
Q

where does info form fascilculus cuneatus synapse

A

nucleus cuneatus

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42
Q

the dorsal column tract is called the medial lemniscus when …

A

the 2nd order neuron decussates

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43
Q

where do 2 and 3 neurons synapse in the DCML

A

thalamus
(vpln)

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44
Q

where do Axons from the thalamus travel to reach the cortex

A

via the internal capsule
then join the corona radiata

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45
Q

what is a receptor field?

A

the receptor area which when stimulated results in a response of a particular sensory neuron (for example the area that free nerve ending is resposbile for)

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46
Q

can you ahve small and large receptive fields

A

yes

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47
Q

if somethign tirggers the receptive field, the neruron in charghe of that field will send info to….

A

the brain

48
Q

small receptive field carry

A

more precise info

49
Q

large receptive field carry

A

more broad info

50
Q

organs for example have large receptive fields this is why … (not from notes a youtibe video to help explain)

A

we cant pinpoint the location of pain but we say my stoamch hurts

51
Q

touch in the center of the receptive filed …

A

increases firing

52
Q

touch in the surround area of receptive field ….

A

decreases cell firing

53
Q

touch outside teh recteptive field /….

A

has no effect

54
Q

what is two pint discrimination thresholf

A

minimum interstimulus distance required to perceive 2 simultaneous applied stimuli as distinct

SHORTEST DISTANCE THAT WE CAN PERCEIVE TWO POINT

55
Q

the back has highe ror lower two point threshold tahn palm

A

higher threshold higher distance required to tell that there are two points

56
Q

on my lips for example do we have a high or low two point discrimation threshhold

A

low
dont need a large distance to tell that there are two point

57
Q

true or false LARGE receptor fields means LARGE two point discrimination theshold

A

true

58
Q

true or false : size of teh receptive field can predict Two-point discrimination threshold

A

true

59
Q

receptive fields are ______ in high acuity regions

A

small

60
Q

an example of a higha cuity region is

A

lips

61
Q

an example of low acuity region is

A

back

62
Q

receptive fields are ______ in low acuity regions

A

large

63
Q

true or false youll be able to feel more in smaller receptive fields

A

true

64
Q

True or false OTS and PTS use calippers to perform two point discrimination test

A

true

65
Q

true or false fingers and lips are not good at discriminating short distance between two points

A

false
very good

66
Q

which type of cutaneous receptor is best at reading braille

A

merkel cell/ type 1 cutaneous

67
Q

the merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous is located in …

A

epidermis

68
Q

dp merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous have small or large receptor fields

A

small

69
Q

are merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous slow or fast adapting

A

slow

70
Q

what does slow adapting receptor mean ? (from youtube)

A

receptor keeps responding to a present stimulus = keeps firing action potential

good for detecting size and shape of objects

71
Q

what do fast adapting receptors do?

A

activated when the stimulus is there but falls silent if its stays = good for movement detection

72
Q

the merkel cell / type 1 cutaneous is highly sensitive to what

A

points
edges
curvature

73
Q

are meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch rapidly or slow adapting

A

rapid adapting

74
Q

do meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch have small or large receptor fileds

A

small

75
Q

what are meisner corpuscle/ tactile touch sensitive to

A

low frequency vibration

76
Q

are rufinin/ type 2 rapidly or slow adapting

A

slow

77
Q

do rufinin/ type 2 have small or large receptor fields

A

large

78
Q

where are rufinin/ type 2 located

A

dermis

79
Q

what are rufinin/ type 2 sensitive ot

A

sensitive to cutaneou stretching during movements
hand shaping

80
Q

do panician/ lamelalr have small or large receptor fileds

A

large (whole finger /hand)

81
Q

are panician/ lamelalr fast or slow adapting

A

fast

82
Q

what are panician/ lamelalr sensitive to

A

Highly sensitive to high frequency vibrations (250-350 Hz). Use of tools.

83
Q

which is the deepest receptor of all cutaneous

A

lamellar

84
Q

what is proprioception

A

Mechanical forces arising from within the body

85
Q

what info does proprioception have

A

Provide detailed and continuous information about the
position of the limb and other parts in space

86
Q

name some proprioceptors

A

spindles
golgi tendons
joint receptors
vestibular system (head)

87
Q

what are the two types of muscle spindle proprioceptors

A

1a afferents
2 afferents

88
Q

name some characteristsics of 1a afferents

A

Rapidly adapting cells
Activated by muscle stretching
Convey information about the velocity and direction of movements

89
Q

name some characteristsics about 2 afferents

A

Slowly adapting cells
Sustained response about muscle length
Convey information about the static position of limbs

90
Q

muscles spindles sense

A

CHANGES IN LENGTH

91
Q

golgi tendon organs sesne

A

TENSION

92
Q

name a type of golgi tedon organ

A

1b afferents

93
Q

name some characteristsics of 1b afferents

A

-Low-threshold receptor
-Branches spreading inside the collagen forming the tendons -Convey information about muscle tension (compression)

94
Q

what pathway does proprioception follow (think non conscious type)–> NUCLEI DORSALES

A

upper limbs cuneocerebellar
lower limbs dorsal spino

95
Q

is clarkes nucleus teh same as nucleus dorsale and if yes which lamina

A

yes, lamina 7

96
Q

what do spinocerebeallr tracts do

A

Regulation of the timing of muscle
contractions necessary for the performance of
voluntary movement

97
Q

which spinal levels are clarkes nuclei found

A

c8-l2 anatomy
t1-l2 phgy

98
Q

true or fasle both cuenocerebellar and dorsal spino tract have tehir synapse in the spinal cord

A

false,
cuneatus one synapses in accessory nucleus cuneatus in medulla

99
Q

VPLN in thalamus is for what info

A

body

100
Q

VPMN in thalamus is for what info

A

face

101
Q

true or false, info in the somatosensory cortex is kept segragraded

A

true
(homonculus)

102
Q

true or false, the specific somatosensory organization in the cortex is called teh somatotopic organization

A

true

103
Q

true or false Each area contains a separate & complete representation of the body

A

true

104
Q

true or false on the homonculus represent teh density of neurons in these areas (ex: large lips = lots of neurons)

A

TRUE

105
Q

in the somatosensory cortext generally tell me what the somatotopic organization is

A

medial = lower limbs
then trunk
then upper limbs
then face most latersl

106
Q

are different types of receptors segragated in the somatotopic areas

A

yes

107
Q

3a area tell you info about what in the cortex

A

Proprioception
Muscle Spindles
Activated during movements

108
Q

3b and 1 area tell you info about what in the cortex

A

cutaneous
pressure and vibartion

109
Q

area 2 tell you info about what in the cortex

A

area both modalities

110
Q

where does most of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)

A

3b

111
Q

where does moderate amount of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)

A

3a

112
Q

where does the elast amount of our info reach in the cortex (3a, 3b, 1, or 2)

A

1 and 2

113
Q

Lesion in 3b

A

= deficits in all forms of tactile sensation from mechanoreceptors

114
Q

Lesion in 1 or 2

A

partial deficits

Inability to use tactile information to discriminate texture of an objet (area 1) or the size and shape of objects (area 2)

115
Q

which barin areas are in charge of learning and memory

A

amygdala and hippocampus

116
Q

whoch brain areas are incolved in Proprioception – current state of muscles contraction gain access to circuits that initiate mvst

A

motor and pre motor cortical areas

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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