WEEK 12- emotions Flashcards
emotions involve 3 important things, what are they?
subjective feelings
physiological repsonses
behaviour
EMOTION revolves around 3 things
behaviour
physiology
feeling
what are examples of physiological responses
HR
POSTURE
FLUSHED SKIN
respiration
sweating
emotions serve as way for us to recat to ______ and ______ stimuli
internal
external
true or false emotions are a composite of subjective feelings, physiological responses and behaviours that allow humans to react adaptively to internal and external stimuli.
true
where do subjective feelings come from
cortical areas of teh brain
where do physiological repsonses come from
ANS (para, sympa, and enteric)
where do behaviours come from
somatic motor system
what are two types of behaviour
verbal
nonverbal (facial expressions, posture)
what is something cool about emotions (culturally speaking)
we experience emotions pretty universally and very similarly
why do we need emotions? (7 things )
- protection
- enhances memory
- enhances learning
- helps us make quicl decsision = intuition
- organize behabiour and how we react to others
- social vs avoidant
- moral ethical behaviour
what are teh 6 basic emotions
Happiness,
Sadness,
Fear,
Anger,
Disgust,
Surprise
what are the secondary emotions?
Embarrassment, love, relief, jealousy, guilt, shame, pride
true or false secondary emotions come after primary emotions
true
true or false a secondary emotion for a surprise party is surprise
false, it could be love, embvarrssment ect
true or false we LEARN secondary emotions
true
how do we learn secondary emotions? (2 things)
valence
arousal
what is valence ?
Positive vs Negative Affect
what is arousal
calm vs exciting
True or false jealousy is an example of calm
false, exciting
what does the valence and arousal chart show
how primary emotions can become secondary emotions over time
true or false emotions can be voluntary or involuntary
true
can emotion be reflexive
yes
can we make our emotions happen
yes, by msiling = we can feel better
describe the pathway of volitional pathway of emtion
- motor cortex+ brainstem = we smile
- reticular formation
- motor neurons and cranial nerves activating facial muscles an dposture = experiencing happiness FOR EXAMPLE
describe the pathway of non volitional emotion
- limbic cenetr and hypothalamus
- reticular formation
- ANS
- smooth cardiac and glands
what happens to a person who has facial motor paresis when you tell her to smile vs when you tell her a joke
smile: cant do
joke: they can smile
what happens when we tell a perosn with emotional motor paresis to smile vs a jpke
smile: they can do
joke: cannot smile
true or false the limbic system is huge in emotios
true
who is the most important player in emotion in the limbic system
AMYGGGGGG
what does teh amygdala do
affect and fear
what is the the thalamus
relay station
what does the hypoth do
non volitional response
what are the two things that do more complex processing and behaviours
orbital and medial preforontal cortex
what i the ventral striatum for
social behaviour
what is teh hippocampus for
memory
true or false hippocampus is not really part of the limbic system (newer research) for emotion
true helps strenthen memory related to emption
location of amygdala
tempral lobe
true or false the amuyfgdala is composed of 1 single nucleus
false , 14 distinct nuclei
how many major regions doe sthe amygdala have
3
what are teh 3 major regions of the amygdala
medial
basolateral
central and anterior
where does the medial group of amygdala send projections
olfactory bulb/cortex
where does the basolateral group of amyg project to
tocerebralcortex(orbital+medial prefrontal cortex, association cortex of the anterior temporal lobe + mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus)
what is the baso lateral group of amygdala responsibel for
emotion regulation +undertsanding our emotions
where do the central anf anterior group of amygdala project to
hypoTH + braistem,
true or false amygdala has connections to our special senses
true
true or falsleft side of the brain controls what
positve emotions
processes facial expressions to recognize emotions
true or false right side of the brain controls what
- Negative emotions
- Expression and
comprehension of the affective aspects of speech - Control of left facial musculature involved in expression
of emotions
wheres doe sthe amygdala have links to?
orbitala nd medial prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus and brinstem
coluntary motor actions is processed where
Orbital and medial prefrontal cortex
isceral/ non-volitional motor effector systems is processed where
hypo+ brainstem
how to emotions help guide social behaviour
Emotions help us with decision making
emotions can be socially ______ or ________
advantageous
disadvantgeous
true or false conditioned fear response is part of rational decison making
false = irrational
true or false emotions help us determine trustwothy face
true
true or false postive meotions are in the right brain
false left
ability to look at someone and recognize that they are happy is which side of brain
left
raising voice when angry = whcih side of brain
right
abnormal regulation of sadness is which mood disprder
depression
abnormal regulation of happiness is which mood disprder
BPD (mania)
in Major Depressive Disorder the amyddala has decreased disconnected tconnectivity to
a variety of btain regions
depression is usually due to a decrease in what
serotonin levels
true or false amydala use serotonin as main neurotrasnmitetr
true
explain depression and amygdala
people with depression have less serotonin = less able fro amygdala to make connections with other brain regions = less ability to share emotions
main treatment of depression
SSRIS = allows serotining ot stay longer in the brain
in depression hyperactive amygdala means
everything is negative = emotions we are able to get out are all negative
in depression we have a ________ and ________ amygdala
Dysregulated + hyperactive
decrease connectivity of amygdala to the rest of the brain causes ( 5 )
low mood
disordered eating
disordered sleep
reduced concentration
decreased sexual interest
what is Kluver Bucy syndrome
Damage to the bilateral amygdala in the medial-temporal lobe/limbic system
kluver bucy can lead to 4 things
- emotional blunting
- hyperphagia
- inapropriate sexual behaviours
- visual agnosia
emotional blunting is
aflataffect,notrespondingtoappropriatestimuli
hyperaphagia
oral fixation
putting things in your mouth
visual agnosia
inability to recognize object
urbach wiethe disease is
A rare disorder that causes calcification and atrophy of anterior-medial temporal lobes (bilaterally)
what happens in urbach wiethe
unable to recognize the emotion of fear
which aprt of the amyg is for kluver bucy
medial temporal
which part of the amyg is for urbach wiethe
anterior medial temporal love
what happens in PTSD
- problems with amygdala
- decreased hippocampa voume
what happens in amyg imapirments for ptsd
beinbg fearful of non fearful situations due to a previous threat
difficult time supressing the fear
decreased hi[pocampus volume in amygdala causes what
declaritive memory loss
PTSD has a high incidence of ______ and _______
substance abuse and depression
people with social anxiety have an (over or under excited ) amygdala
over
true or false receptors involved in stress- induced reactions were found to be increased in people with anxiety
true
in anxiety there are tow main hypotheses
hyperactivity of amygdala sending info to stress receptors = more stres sin body
where is dopamine released
in the synaptic cleft
what does dopamine produce when it binds to different neurons
pleasure
euphoria
feeling of reward
true or false ddopamine stays in the brain forever
false = its recycled
reward system includes imput from where
amygdala
orbital and medial prefrontal system
what happens to dopamine in addiction and what does it cause
Dopamine builds-up in the synaptic space to a much greater amount than normal
burst of euphoria = feels great
causes continuous of the dopamine receptors
what does our brain do in reposne to too much dopamine
Brain compensates by down regulating/thinning out active dopamine receptor sites
what is the negative impact of our bodies compensation to downregulating receptors
dampens response to less potent rewards
need more of the stubstance to feel the effects
over time = decreased activity of orbital and medial preforntal cortex = less rationaal thinking
schizophrenia has two types of symptoms what are they (general)
positive
negative
what are examples of positive symptoms in schz
hallucination
delusions
what are examples of negtive symptoms
blunt
affect, apathy, anhedonia, reduced social drive, loss of motivation, lack of social interest, and inattention to social or cognitive inpu
what are positve symptoms in sch due to
too much dopamine in synaptic cleft
what are negative symtpms in schz due to
little dopamine in synaptic cleft
