WEEK 7- long covid Flashcards
Sars cov 2 enters the body via repiraoty aiways and penetrates the cell via which receptor
ACE2
sars cov 2 enters which system in out body first
oral and respiratory system
How does sars cov 2 invade the body?
tehre are ace2 receptors all over
in different organs inclusing the brain!
true or false, if our body is good at fighting teh virus sars cov 2 is ingetsed by antigen presenting cell
true
true or false , if all doesnt go well and our body is having a hard time fighting the virus, it will invade other organs in our body
true
true or false :
The brain is among the affected organs showing significant loss of grey matter (averaging 2%) resembling 10 years of normal aging.
true
which part of the brain is “atrophied” with the virus
grey matter
what are some of teh hallmark features of cerebral atrophy (4)
enlarged ventricles
cortical thinning
volume loss
sulcal widening
what is TMS ?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
how does a TMS work
coil applied to brain and magnetic current is indiced and becomes an electric current in the brain where were able to stimulate the coticospinal neurons and flows in the motor system and then it can activate the muscle
we use an emg the electrical activity of the muscle
what were some findings of brain and covid with TMS sti ulation? PC 19 (post covid 19)
it was found that adults living with PC19 have
- Higher resting motor thresholds
- Smaller motor evoked potential
(MEP) amplitudes
what does having
* Higher resting motor thresholds AND
* Smaller motor evoked potential
(MEP) amplitudes
idicate
This indicates reduced
excitability of the motor cortex.
what does * Higher resting motor thresholds mean in the TMS study
more current needed to produce the same muscular response
what is a general takeaway from the tms study?
reduced excitibility of the cortical regions != slowed down processes of motor actions and cognitive processes
true or false long covid has many names
true
is PC19 the same as long covid
yes
give a brief explanation fo what long covid is
- probable or confirmed diagnisis of covid 19
-3 months from teh onset of c19 - symptims that last for mre than 2 months
some symptoms are :
fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive dysfunction
some symptoms may be new after recovery or never goa way from inital infection
true or fasle there is a “long covid test”
no , It does not yet have objective accepted diagnostic tests or biomarkers.
true or false symptoms last for 3 months or more consitenlty to be condered long covid
false, symptoms must be present for at least 2 months but can also fluctuate or relapse over time.
is brain fog the same as cognitive dysfuntion
yes
how many people around have been diagnosed with covid 19 wolrd wide
over 600 million
which covid strain became the dominant strain in nov 20121
omicron
true or false Vaccination is having a substantial impact on case numbers & hospitalizations
true
what does vaccination help with ( 2 thinsg)
case numbers
hospitiliaztaions
_____% of people will continue to have symptoms 12 weeks after infection (worldwide)
30
______% will still have symptoms after one year (world wide)
5
in canada ___ in ____ have symptoms for up to 5 weeks
1 in 5
in canada _____ in______ will have post covid 19 condition
1 in 10
how many cases about in canada
around 400 thoudand
true or false there are many symptoms involved in long covid
true
why are there a wide range of symtoms in long covid
becuz ace2 receptors are found all ofver the bpody so yehy acn affcet multiple systems
what are some f teh common sysmtoms
fatigue
dyspnea
cough
joint pain
reduced long capacity
ANS dysregulation
long covid has main symtoms that are part of which system
the nervous system
fatigue
post exertional malaise
brain fog
headcahes
sensorimotor symptoms
what are risk factors for PC19
- Older age
- Female sex
- Being a healthcare worker
- Smoking
- Vaping
- Obesity
- Hospitalization with COVID-19
what is post exertional malaise
Worsening of symptoms that can follow minimal cognitive, physical, emotional, or social activity, or activity that could previously be tolerated.
when do symptoms worsen for PEM
symptoms typically worsen 12 to 72 hours after activity and can last for days or even weeks, sometimes leading to a relapse.
true or false PEM can contribute to the episodic nature of disability in post COVID-19 condition
true
true or false drining plenty of water can cure PEM
false , there is no cure
Post COVID-19 Condition is _____
a new chronic condition
is PC19 considered a disability
yes under teh ADA
after how many months of symtpks is defined as chronic
12 months
true or false rehabilitation ahs a role in PC19
true by ICF
which services are at the center of treating this condition and why
rehabilityin because it impacts functionality
who is part of the rehab team
physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, speech and language therapists, physicians and social and community workers.
sorry im not doing the last slides i dont even know what the heck to ask
lol
how can we help PC19 patients (3 ways)
- early referral
- hybrid approach
- see PT, OT, speech path, psychologists, physicians, social and community workers
nurses
what are some red flags for safe rehab ?
exertional desaturation and cardiac impaorments
true or false if someone with PC19 has exertional desaturatioa nd cardiac impairment tehy should do lots of physical exercuse training
false
true or false people with PC19 and have a presence of orthosatic intolorence and PEM require interventions for safe rehab
true
what are someof the general treatments for PC19 without PEM
education, skills training on self-management strategies, assistive products and environmental modifications, physical exercise too
treatment for arthalgia
antiinflammatory drugs
treatment for breathing imparment
nasal bretahing and pacing approaches
treatment for cognitive impairment
cognitive exercises
treatment for fatigue
- energy conservation techniques (pacing approaches)
- psychological support to help cope with the symptom
tretament dor anxiety and depression
- psychological support/mindfulness-based approaches
how does PC19 affcet return to everyday activities & work
affects multiple body functions
difficulty with standing, mobility, stamina, and cognitive demands.
for a return to work….
energy conservation techniques
use of assistive products
for a return to work ……
flexible phased return
env modifications at work
risk assesment at work and see hwta the individual is capable of
