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Phgy 455 > WEEK 1- Stroke > Flashcards

WEEK 1- Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

Name the acronym of FAST

A

F- face dropping
A- can you raise arms
S- slurred speech
T- time get to the hospital fast

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2
Q

The s in FAST stands for?

A

Slurred speech

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3
Q

Name some diagnostic tests to image the brain and spinal chord

A

● X-ray
● Computed tomography (CT Scan)
● Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
● Positron emission tomography (PET)
● Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

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4
Q

What does an X- ray look at

A

bones
can detect some tumours
can look at chest (pneumonia)

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5
Q

what does a PET scan look at

A

working with people with cancer or tumours = uses radioactive tracers that measures growth in cells

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6
Q

what does an FMRI measure

A

can tedects areas of the brain with higher oxygen concentration
–> often used when surgeons do brain surgery = want to avoid touching those areas
–> more oxygen = high brain function!!!

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7
Q

True or false Ct is invasive

A

False , not invasive

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8
Q

How long does a typical ct scan take

A

5-10 minutes

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9
Q

A Ct scan uses….

A

Computer processing technology

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10
Q

what does Ct stand for

A

computed tomography

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11
Q

true or false in a Ct scan you get limited radiation exposure

A

true

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12
Q

Name 3 things A ct scan can differenciate between

A
  • grey matter from white matter
  • the ventricles
  • Show many brain structures within several millimetres of each other (lower resolution).
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13
Q

Name some uses of the CT scan

A
  1. detect bleeding
  2. brain damage
  3. blood clot
  4. leaking aneyrism
  5. most brain tumours
  6. enlarged ventricles = hydrocephalus
  7. GUIDING NEEDLE FOR BRAIN BIPSY
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14
Q

What does MRI stand for

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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15
Q

what is the physics behind mri

A

Uses magnets to influence the magnetic field along 3 different spatial axes

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16
Q

true or false the MRI creates detailed spacial images

A

true

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17
Q

true of false, just like the CT , an Mri is non invasive and uses radiation

A

FALSE: non invasive BUT does not use radiation

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18
Q

how long does mRI last

A

30-45 min

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19
Q

can a patient do an MRI if they have metal implants in them?

A

NO!

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20
Q

Is an MRI expensive

A

Yes

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21
Q

Name some differences between MRI and Ct

A

Mri = more expensive and more detailed imaging , longer imaging (30-45 min)

22
Q

What can Mris find?

A
  • strokes
    -tumours
    -traumatic injuries
    -atrophy of brain due to dimentia an dparkinsons or MS
23
Q

Name soem other diagnotsic tests

A

blood urine
lumbar puncture or csf test
bipsy
electrophysiological measures

24
Q

what does a blood urine test for

A

protein levels

25
Q

what does a lumbar puncture tets

A

THE CSF

26
Q

what is a biopsy

A

removal of a piec of muscle or tumour = chunk of cells to figure out whtas going on

27
Q

name the 3 types of electrophysiological measurmenets

A
  • Electroencephalography(EEG)
  • Evoked potentials(EP)
  • Electromyography(EMG)
28
Q

what does EEG stand for and what does it do

A

Electroencephalography(EEG) –Measures brain/cortical activity through specific scalp electrodes. Used often with epilepsy and sleep studies

29
Q

what does EP stand for and what does it do

A

○ Evoked potentials(EP) –Measures electrical activity after a stimuli to test the integrity of a sensory or motor pathway.

30
Q

what is an emg and what doe sit do

A

○ Electromyography(EMG) –Measures the electrical activity in the nerve of the muscle to test muscle activity (actual signal and strength/speed of signal).

31
Q

true or false an EP is used for epilepsy

A

false thats an EEG

32
Q

true or false an EEG can look at consciousness through a vegerative state

A

true

33
Q

true or false in an EMG were looking at the message form a nerve to the muscle to detect wher ethe issue is stemming from

A

TRUEEEEE

34
Q

what am i describing?
“ series of tests and observations that examines the functional status of the nervous system”

A

THE NEUROLOGICAL EXAM

35
Q

true or false, the neuro exam is the ONLY thing needed used ot make a clinical decision

A

thats so falseeee!
ypou need more tests than that

36
Q

when is best to conduct a neuro exam

A

at the initial interview

37
Q

who does the initial rapid screening pf the patient

A

the neurologist

38
Q

can OT , PT and SLP do in depth exam

A

yes!

39
Q

what are some of teh aspects tested in the neuro exam

A
  1. Mental Status (Cognitive Function)
  2. Cranial nerves
  3. Reflexes–upper and lower limbs
  4. Motor system
  5. Coordination and Gait
  6. Sensory system
40
Q

how would you test mental status/ cognition? talk me through it

A

is patient alert, able to answer questions (language and attention), has a recent memory (ask question), oriented to date?

Learning and Memory (observations in functional tasks, cognitive screens
(ex: MoCA)
b. Attention (in session?)
c. Neglect (to 1 side)
d. Thinking, planning and deciding (complex tasks)
e. Emotions (Mood, participation)
f. Calculations (part of cognitive screen, or part of evaluating finances)
g. Apraxia (can they follow commands)
h. Perception (ex: MVPT)

41
Q

how would u tets cranial nerves

A

pupil symmetry and eye movements, facial, neck and tongue movements

+ looking for disphagia

42
Q

how would you test reflexes

A

upper and lower limbs -are they symmetric? Any primitive reflexes returned (ex: rooting)

43
Q

how would you tets the motor system
hint: theres alot so just walk me through it

A

upper and lower body movement, looking for any abnormal muscle tone, movement or
strength

a. Observation of tremor or any involuntary movements
b. Inspection of muscle atrophy
c. Palpation
d. Range of motion (goniometry, edema, functional tasks)
e. Muscle tone testing (hypertonia, hypotonia, spasticity, modified
ashworth scale)
f. Fine and gross motor movements (functional tasks and specific
neuromotor tests)
g. Strength of individual muscle groups (MMT, grip strength)

44
Q

how would you tets coordination and gait

A

a. Coordination (Ataxia, finger-nose, finger opposition, foot tap, heel-shin test…)

b. Gait abnormalities, transfers, tandem gait, turns, balance…

45
Q

how would you test sensory sustem

A

a. Pain
b. Numbness
c. Touch
d. Stereognosis
e. Proprioception
verbal reports of symptoms (numbness, pain…), cotton and pin test, vibration*

46
Q

true or false : as an OT or PT you should keep patient results to yourself and treat the patient by yourself without disvussing with your team

A

false , you need to talk to the team

47
Q

is the neurological exam helpful for neurologists diagnosis ?

A

yes very

48
Q

what are teh two main goals for neurological exam

A
  1. TO CONFIRM A SUSPECTED DIAGNOSIS
  2. TO RULE OUT A HYPOTHETICAL DIAGNOSIS
49
Q

what is stereogenis

A

identify what soemthing is when your eyes are closed = perceive through touch

50
Q

what is it called when you identify what soemthing is when your eyes are closed = perceive through touch

A

stereogenesis

51
Q

true or false people with strokes have a hard time with proprioception

A

true

Phgy 455 (19 decks)

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