WEEK 1 - STROKE pt 2 Flashcards
how many fluid systems do we have in the brain?
3
what are the fluid systems in the brain
- vascular (blood)
-extracellular space
-CSF
what is the role of the vascular system
transport oxygen and energy
which blood vessels are we talking baout with the vascular system
ANT cerebral a
MID cerebral a
POST cerebral a
** note arteries AND veins
which cerebral artery is most common for. astroke?
middle
which cerebral artery supplies ,ajority of the lateral aspect of the brain
midd!e
whta is in the extracellular space
collagen fibers
multiadhesive matrix proteins
what IS the extracellular space
Microscopic space between brain cells (between neurons and glia)
what is the role of extracellular psace
provide energy and oxygen
true or false vascular system contains neurons
- false tahts extracellular
are brain cells , neurons , and neurocells interchangeable
yes = they all mena the smae thing
where is the CSF system
ventricles and subarachnoid space
POP QUIZ FOR ANAT:
between what two meningeal layers is the subarachnoid space
below arachnoid and above pia
= real space
what is the role of the csf system
regulation of neural cells’ environment and protection
what are the 3 barriers to protect the braibn
- meninges
- blood brain barrier
- CSF
true or false these protections exist throughout the entire BODY
false, only the brain :)
i guess it can also be the spinal chord without the BBB
what are the 3 layers to meninges
dura
arachnoid
pia
the spider like membrane and hosues blood vessels (meningeal layer ) is …
arachnoid
the me ningeal layer taht enveloppes teh brain is
pia
the touch meningeal layer that hels absorb external shock is
dura
where does csf flow
subarachnoid space
true or false the meninges line the PNS
false , the cns braina nd spinal chord
what is the BBB made of
tight network of capillaries and endothelial cells
can lipids pass throught he BBB
yes, it prevents non lipids
how do non lipid soluble molecules recah the brain ex: glucose
membrane transport mechanisms or ion channels
what doe steh BBB protect
neurons from blood-borne
neurotransmitters,
toxic substances and antibiotics.
antibiotics are improtant for some conditons… like meningitis how do we get it to the brain
find a wya to bind the antibiotics to glucose so that it can use the same cahnnels
what produces CSF
choroid plexus
where are choroid plexus located
in all ventricles
true or false : csf contains blood cells , protein and is coloureless
false : first two are wrong but it is colourless
what structures allow csf to reach the dural venous sinues
the arachnoid granulations
as pts and ots what is one symptoms we have ot look out for when a patient underwent a meningyoma surgery?
leaky nose = lekaing csf
the CSF in ventircles is very simolar to what other system
lymphatic
what cells does glymphatic system have
glial cells
what is teh role of glial cells in glymphatic system
remove brain waste during sleep especially
why do glial cells remove the most brain waste during sleep?
lots more CSF production while asleep
true or false parkinsons and alzeihemers patients have an elevated CSF flow and increased brain waste
false = reduced flow
3 roles of CSF
- Maintains constant environment for cells of Central Nervous System
- Removes brain metabolites/waste
-Serves as a mechanical cushion
what is an aneurism
Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery
arterial pressure fills space and pressure damages brain areas
name two types of stroke
ischemic
hemmhoragic
what are the two types of ischemic
thrombotic
embolic
name the stroke: blood clot occludes cerebral artery
thrombotic, ischemic
name the stroke: Blood clo tbreaks off from somewhere in the body and travels to smaller cerebral arteries where it occludes blood flow to the brain.
embolic, ischemic
true or false thrombotic and embolic are type sof hemmoragic strokes
false , ischemic
which imaging can we use to diagnose a stroke
cT and mri
a hemorrhagic stroke is:
Rupture of blood vessel within the brain
how to treat ischemic stroke
TPA = bust the clot
how to treat hemoragghci stroke
surgery
the ischemic stroke is more intense tan hemmorahic stroke
false
what is CVA
stroke
absence of oxygen in the brain is …
anoxia
low or insufficient oxygen reaching the brain is ….
hypoxia
true or false : hypoxia rapidly produces cell death neurons die within 5 min
false : ANOXIA doe sthat
hypoxia may kill cells more ____
slowly
Drowning,choking,cardiacarrest,headtraumaandcarbonmonoxidepoisoningcanallleadto
hypoxia
name some fo the instance sthat can lead to hypoxia
drowning
choking
cardiac arrest
head trauma
CO poisening
what are symtpms associated with hypoxia
inatentiveness
poor judgement
memory lsos
decreas ein motor coordination
apoptosis is also known as
programmed cell death
apoptosis a a lack of …
oxygen and glucose
what happens when neurons dont get oxygen and glucose
dysregulation of ATP
disregulation of ATP leads to
activation of caspase 3
activation of caspase 3 leads to
APOPTOSIS = cell death
secondary cell death is caused when
-brain damage
- increased gliaal cell to remove waste
decrease Growth hormone and increase growth inhibiting molecules
-damage to almost all local neurons
when neurons die what do they release
glutamate
an increased amoutn of glutamate causes what
neighbouring neurons ot die
when neighbouring neurons die due to increased glutamaate this is known as :
excitotoxicity
Lost brain cells are replaced by glial cells , this is known as
glial scarring
what is not good about glial scarring
- glial cells impede regrowth of neurons = take up space
-glial cells release growth inhibiting molecules = impeded axon regrowth
immune activation and inflammatiowhat can happen when damage or failure of BBb
invasion of immune cells
why dont we want immune cells in the brain
causes inflammationa nd edema
edema can lead to hypoxia
what type of cells release inflammatory substances due to injury of the brain
monocytes and macrophages
brocas area is in charge of…
speech
middle cerebral artery sypplies hwich lobes
frontal
parieral
temporal
on lateral aspect
neural cell death can be caused by
damage to the brain
