Week 8 - Nervous System Anatomy - incomplete Flashcards
Approximate weight of the brain
1.5kg
what does the central nervous system comprise of
brain and spinal cord
what does the peripheral spinal cord consist of
cranial nerves (12 pairs)
spinal nerves (31 pairs)
where do cranial nerves come off
the brain and brainstem
What is the name for signals coming from cells of the body that are not germline cells
somatic afferent
what is the name for signals coming from internal organs and main cavities of the body
visceral afferents
what is the name for signals that are passed on to skeletal muscles
somatic efferents
what is the name for signals that are passed on to smooth muscle, glands and cardiac muscles
visceral efferents
which nerve is composed of two nerve fibres connected by a synapse
visceral efferents
autonomic nervous system is associated with which category of signal
visceral afferents and visceral efferents
what is the name of the groove which separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
where are white and grey layers found
grey on outside
white on inside
what makes up the bulk of the brain’s mass
cerebrum
what are gyri
the folded bits of brain
what are sulci
the compressions/folded up bits of brain
which process relating to brain development happens during embryological and neonatal development
gyrification
Which part of the brain controls movement
cerebellum
function of brain stem
controls breathing and heart rate
Relay tract area for motor and sensory systems
Where cranial nerves arise to supply sensory and motor innervation to the face and neck.
which 3 structures make up the brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
what can happen when swelling happens around the brain stem area
cardiac and respiratory problems
how many neurone are there roughly
86 billion
how many connections per neuron
7,000
how many synapses between nerves and other nerves/structures
100-500 trillion!
what does the telencephalon encompass
the cerebrum
what does the diencephalon encompass
thalamus and hypothalamus
what the forebrain encompass
the telencephalon and diencephalon
what does the midbrain include
the mesencephalon
what functions can the midbrain be associated with
hearing, arousal, motor, vision,
another word for hindbrain
rhombencephalon
what are the notches called between each section of myelin sheath
node of ravier
What is white matter primarily composed of
Myelinated axons
What is gray matter primarily composed of
Neurons and supporting cells
What is the dorsal root ganglion primarily composed of
Cell bodies of afferent neurons
What is a nerve plexus
A collection of nerves that supply specific body regions
What does the brachial plexus supply
Motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb
Spinal origin of brachial plexus
C5-T1
How many spinal nerves are there
31 pairs
Which regions of the body do cranial nerves supply
Head and neck structures AND heart, gut, respiratory system
Function of meninges
Provide supportive and structural framework for vasculature
Protect the CNS from mechanical damage alongside CSF
Which blood vessels supply the brain
l+r vertebral artery and l+r carotid artery
Where does cerebral blood drain to
Dural venous sinuses and ultimately jugular veins
What vertebral levels does the sympathetic nervous system arise from
T1 - L2
What vertebral levels does the parasympathetic nervous system originate from
Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
S2-4
Function of thalamus
Relay centre for fibres passing up to the brain and down to the rest of body
