Week 2 - Cells of the immune system

Question 1

Name a mechanical physical barrier against infection

Answer 1

Epithelial cells joined by tight junctions

Question 2

Name a mechanical physical barrier against infection

Answer 2

Movement of mucus by the cilia

Question 3

Name a chemical barrier against infection on the skin

Answer 3

Fatty acids

Question 4

Name a chemical barrier that protects the body against infection in the eyes/nose

Answer 4

Salivary enzymes

Question 5

Name a microbiological barrier that protects against infection

Answer 5

Normal flora (bacteria and fungi)

Question 6

Name a disease that grows on the skin

Answer 6

Athlete’s foot

Question 7

Name a disease caused by puncture wounds

Answer 7

Tetanus

Question 8

Name a disease caused by mosquito bites

Answer 8

Malaria

Question 9

Describe how influenza can breach physical barrier

Answer 9

Inhalation of droplet

Question 10

Describe how salmonella can enter the body

Answer 10

Through contaminated food/water

Question 11

What can white blood cells cause when they go wrong

Answer 11

Autoimmune disease and cardiovascular problems

Question 12

Where are white blood cells made

Answer 12

Bone marrow

Question 13

What do mogakaryotes produce

Answer 13

Platelets which clot the blood

Question 14

Name the 3 granulocytes

Answer 14

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 15

What do monocytes produce

Answer 15

Macrophages

Question 16

What do B lymphocytes produce

Answer 16

antibodies

Question 17

What do T lymphocytes do

Answer 17

They can kill cells (similar to the way that NK cells do) or produce different proteins

Question 18

Describe how T lymphocytes develop

Answer 18

They are made in the bone marrow and then mature in the thymus where they are checked for any abnormalities - basically checking that they’re not going to cause damage to the body. e.g autoimmune disease

Question 19

What do lymphocytes produce

Answer 19

B and T lymphocytes

Question 20

Which type of white blood cell is most abundant

Answer 20

Neutrophils 65
Lymphocytes 30
Eosinophils 2
Monocytes 5
Basophils 0.5

Question 21

How do neutrophils kill bacteria

Answer 21

They chase and eat bacteria

Question 22

Which 3 types of cells take up long-term residence in tissues (instead of being carried in the blood)

Answer 22

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

Question 23

Where do T and B lymphocytes spend the majority of their life

Answer 23

In the secondary lymphoid organs such as adenoid, tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen, appendix etc

Question 24

Which cells are in the innate immune response

Answer 24

Mast cells
Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte
NK cell

Question 25

Which cells are part of the adaptive immune response

Answer 25

T and B lymphocytes

Question 26

What is the function of the immune system

Answer 26

It provides protection against infectious organisms such bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi

Question 27

How can the immune system be enhanced

Answer 27

Infection and vaccination

Question 28

Give 4 examples of infectious organisms

Answer 28

Clostridium tetani (tetanus) - extracellular bacteria
Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) - intracellular organism
Influenza - virus
Schistosoma - parasitic worm

Question 29

Describe 2 ways of mechanical immune protection

Answer 29

Epithelial cells, movement of mucus by cilia

Question 30

Describe how microbiological flora can act as a physical barrier

Answer 30

Natural flora compete against infectious microorganisms

Question 31

How can pathogens enter the body

Answer 31

Through insect bites or puncture wounds
Through inhaled droplets
Through consumption of septically contaminated water/food after diarrhoea

Question 32

Where are white blood cells made

Answer 32

In the bone marrow

Question 33

What is the white blood cell at the top of the tree called

Answer 33

Multipotent haematopoietic stem cell