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Phase 1 Medicine > Week 10 - Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Week 10 - Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the muscular makeup of the external muscle of the oesophagus

A

Upper 1/3 - skeletal
Middle- skeletal and smooth
Lower 1/3 - smooth

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2
Q

What major organ does the oesophagus lay posterior to

A

Heart

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3
Q

What muscle does the oesophagus pierce through to get to the stomach

A

Diaphragm

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4
Q

Name of sphincter which prevents acid reflux

A

Cardiac/lower oesophageal sphincter

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5
Q

Incisura angularis

A

Divides the stomach into left and right sections

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6
Q

3 sections of stomach from top to bottom

A

Fundus
Body
Pyloric part

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7
Q

Stomach location

A

Mainly left hypochondrium and epigastric region of abdomen

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8
Q

Stomach abdo aorta major branch

A

Coeliac trunk

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9
Q

What different about layer of muscle in stomach

A

3 layers of muscle - extra internal layer of smooth muscle called oblique layer -> Circular muscle -> Longitudinal muscle

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10
Q

Function of the liver

A

Storage of glycogen
Release of glucose
Inactivation of hormones and drugs
Production of bile
Production of platelets
Production of clotting factors
Metabolism
Excretion of waste

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11
Q

Size, weight and location of spleen

A

1 inch thick, 3 inches wide, 5 inches long, 7 ounces in weight, between 9th and 11th ribs (1,3,5,7,9,11)

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12
Q

Why is the splenic artery so tortuous

A

to allow a continuous supply of blood instead of it being pulsatile

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13
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Identifies, removes and destroys old red blood cells

Stores RBCs and platelets

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14
Q

Can you live without your spleen

A

Yes but you require daily antibiotics

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15
Q

Large intestine specialisations

A

Omental appendages (fatty tags) (mostly in transverse+descending colon)
Haustrations - sacculations of bowel wall
Taeni coli - longitudinal band of muscle

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16
Q

What controls secretions into the cecum

A

Ileocecal valve (sphincter)

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17
Q

Role of cecum

A

Fibre fermentation commencement
Fart production
Fluid absorption
Synthesis of some vitamins

18
Q

Path of food through large intestine

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

19
Q

What does coeliac artery supply

A

Lower half of oesophagus -> upper half of duodenum
Liver
Spleen

20
Q

What does superior mesenteric artery supply

A

Lower half of duodenum -> first 2/3 of transverse colon

21
Q

What does inferior mesenteric supply

A

final 1/3 of tranverse colon -> rectum

22
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine

A

Water absorption

23
Q

4 main histological layers to the small intestine

A

Mucosa
Submocosa
External muscle
Serosa

24
Q

Type of epithelium found in small intestine

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

25
Q

Type of epithelium in stomach

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

26
Q

Type of epithelium in oesophagus

A

Stratified (non-keratinised) squamous epithelium

27
Q

Function of lamina propria

A

Thin layer of connective tissue which lies beneath epithelium.
> Inflammatory cells
> Provides support and nutrients to epithelium

28
Q

Function of muscularis mucosae

A

Smooth muscle that sits beneath lamina propria

29
Q

Function of submucosa

A

Dense irregular connective tissue containing:
> Blood vessels
> Nerves
> Lymphatic vessels

30
Q

Function of muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal muscle
Responsible for peristalsis

31
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer of connective tissue which reduces friction of GI tract.

32
Q

Where is submucosal plexus

A

Between submucosa and circular muscle

33
Q

Myenteric plexus

A

Between circular muscle and longitudinal muscle

34
Q

What is a lacteal

A

A vessel that absorbs fat in the small intestine

35
Q

Which 2 cell types make up the colonic glands

A

Absorptive cells and mucous secreting goblet cells

36
Q

What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic enzymes - endopeptidases and exopeptidases

37
Q

What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin

38
Q

Name of endocrine section of the pancreas

A

Islet of langerhan’s

39
Q

What is the aterial supply to the gall bladder

A

Cystic artery which branches off the right branch of the proper hepatic artery

40
Q

Which main blood vessel supplies the gall bladder

A

Coeliac trunk

41
Q

What are gall stones

A

Crystalised masses that can contain cholesterol or pigment or both

42
Q
A

Phase 1 Medicine (37 decks)

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