week 6 peadiatric ilnesses Flashcards
what is pyrexia of unknown origin?
is a single ilness lasting 3 or more weeks with a fever present most days and no diagnoisis after one week of inpaitent observations. Commonly and infection. connective tissue disorder or neuroplasm
what is the treatment for pyrexia of an unknown origin
repeated examination and symptomatic treatment with the goal of treating the underlying conition
what is epiglotitis?
acute inflamation of the epiglotis that can lead to serious airway obstruction
what is the pathophysiology of epiglotits?
usally caused by bactira HIB - epiglotis and surrounding tissue acutley inflamed leading to pharangeal obstruction
what are the clinical features of epiglotits?
drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia dna dyspnea - rapidly progressing sore throat
pt looks unwell, tripod position, high tempreture, resp distress, stridor as a late sign
what is croup?
Viral infection that may present as life threatening due to airway compromise
what is the pathophysiology of croup?
commonly caused by parinfluenza virus - affects larynx and trachea causing odeama and airflow compromise
what are the symptoms of croup?
barking cough, horse cry, inspiroty stridor, fever
what is bronchiolitis?
common lower resp infection most common in infnts between 2 and 6 months
what is the pathophysiology of bronchioloits??
infection in lower resp tract, cell necrosis, inflamtion and odeam increasing mucous secretions causing hyperinflation inceased ariway resitance, atelectisis and a ventalation perfusion mismtch
what are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
fever, rhinoreaha, cough, dry cough, wheeze, dysponea, nasea/vomiting, fever, tachy, deacreased resps
what is a lower resp tract infeaction?
below level of the laryn
what is whooping cough?
viral infection of the bronchi and bronchils that can compromise the small earways lading to atelectisis and pnemaonia
what are the symptoms of whooping cough?
dry cough continuously with whoop on inhliation - typically turn red in the face and fail while having empisode, generally afebrile, intese coughing may cause petechiae on the face
what is the pathopysiology of asthma?
areacterised by preversable airway narroing, hypersecrtion of mucous, airway odeam and mucosal pluggingchronic inflmatory conditon ch
what are the symptoms of asthma?
expritory wheeze, non-productive cough, dysponea, chest tightness,
what is gastroentinitis?
viral/bactrial infection that causes inflamation, damfe to villous boarder and reduced absorbing capacity leadinf to dehydration
what are the symptoms of gastroentinitis?
low grade fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
what is the patho for apendicitis?
obstruction of the opening of the apppendix leading to stasis and bacterial overgrowth - inflamation - potential rupture and peritonitis
what are the symptoms of apaendicitis?
in over umbilicus localising to lower right quadrant, pain at mcirnys point and rovsing sings- pain in right illiac fossa then pressing on left
what is the patho of meningitis?
inflamation of the arachnoid matter, pia mater and CFS due to viral/bacterial infection.
Inflamation- increased cytokin relased increased blood brain permiability and cerebral vasodilation - reduced perfusion presure and sichmeai leading to rraised ICP and cerebral odema
what are the symptoms of meningitis?
neck stiffness, photophobia, alter conciousness, nasea/vomiting, rigors, headache, non-blanching rash
what is a febril convusion?
seizure associated with fever unrealated to other pathophysiology.
what is autisim?
a spectrum of conditions that affect social and communication skills
what is ADHD?
defined as the presence of hyperactvity, impulsivness and inattention beyond what is appropariate for the age
what are the red flags for gastrointestinities?
presistent and frequent vomitting >6 hours
blood or bile in vomitus
episodes of unusal pallor
signs of dehydration - sevre mallase, reduced skin elasticity/reduced CRT
what are the differential diagnosisis for gastrointestinitis?
sepsis - pnemonia, UATI
head injury - menigitis, rased ICP
abdominal condtions- surgical obstruction, apendicitis, testical torsion
endocrine/metabolic disorders - hetoacidosis, addisons disease
medications - antibiotics, laxatives, poisoning, envenomation
what is the presentation and treatement of meaales?
high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivities, rash - can causes convulsions and meningitis
treatment supportive and manage complications
what is the presentation and treatment of chicken pox?
itchy fluid filled blisters that pread from the torse to the neck, face and limbs, vesicles may also appear on the eyes, mouth, scalp
what are the complications of chicken pox?
dehydration, pnemonia, encepalitis and spesis
what is the pathophysiology of a fever?
exogenous pyrogens (infection) leads to endogenous cytokins, activating the thermoregulatry centre in hypothalamus leading to fever
what age group is mostly effected by febrile convulsions?
6 months to 6 years
what is pyloric stenosis?
narrowing of the pyloris-outflow of the stomach leading to obstruction
how does pyloric stenosis present?
projectile vomitting during or after feeding
what is messenteric adenitis?
inflamation of the mesenteric lymph nodes usually secondary to infection
how doe mesenteric adenities present?
high fever, RLQ abdo pain without peritonism
what is intussuception?
telescoping of the bowel into a more proximal part - can result in infarction
what is the presentation of intussuception?
normally from 3 months to 3 years
distressed with sevre bouts of pain, PR bleedinf, bilious vomitting
what is the poisions hotline number?
13 11 26
what are the child and environmental factors that can lead to behaviour issues in children?
child- inadequate sleep, nutrition, developmental delays
environmental- famil factors, low SES, trauma, harsh parenting or neglect, parental mental health problems
what is the triad of symptoms for autisum spectrum disorders?
impared social interaction
delayed and disordered communication
ritualistic and steryotyped interests or behaviours
what are the three major subtypes of eating disorders in children?
anorexia - fear of weight gain and overwhelming drive for thinness
balemia - binging and purging
eating disorders not otherwise specified
what are the 5 main componments for identifying risk and protective factors in child mental health?
child
fmaily
school
life events
social
