week 6 peadiatric ilnesses

Question 1

what is pyrexia of unknown origin?

Answer 1

is a single ilness lasting 3 or more weeks with a fever present most days and no diagnoisis after one week of inpaitent observations. Commonly and infection. connective tissue disorder or neuroplasm

Question 2

what is the treatment for pyrexia of an unknown origin

Answer 2

repeated examination and symptomatic treatment with the goal of treating the underlying conition

Question 3

what is epiglotitis?

Answer 3

acute inflamation of the epiglotis that can lead to serious airway obstruction

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology of epiglotits?

Answer 4

usally caused by bactira HIB - epiglotis and surrounding tissue acutley inflamed leading to pharangeal obstruction

Question 5

what are the clinical features of epiglotits?

Answer 5

drooling, dysphagia, dysphonia dna dyspnea - rapidly progressing sore throat

pt looks unwell, tripod position, high tempreture, resp distress, stridor as a late sign

Question 6

what is croup?

Answer 6

Viral infection that may present as life threatening due to airway compromise

Question 7

what is the pathophysiology of croup?

Answer 7

commonly caused by parinfluenza virus - affects larynx and trachea causing odeama and airflow compromise

Question 8

what are the symptoms of croup?

Answer 8

barking cough, horse cry, inspiroty stridor, fever

Question 9

what is bronchiolitis?

Answer 9

common lower resp infection most common in infnts between 2 and 6 months

Question 10

what is the pathophysiology of bronchioloits??

Answer 10

infection in lower resp tract, cell necrosis, inflamtion and odeam increasing mucous secretions causing hyperinflation inceased ariway resitance, atelectisis and a ventalation perfusion mismtch

Question 11

what are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?

Answer 11

fever, rhinoreaha, cough, dry cough, wheeze, dysponea, nasea/vomiting, fever, tachy, deacreased resps

Question 12

what is a lower resp tract infeaction?

Answer 12

below level of the laryn

Question 13

what is whooping cough?

Answer 13

viral infection of the bronchi and bronchils that can compromise the small earways lading to atelectisis and pnemaonia

Question 14

what are the symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer 14

dry cough continuously with whoop on inhliation - typically turn red in the face and fail while having empisode, generally afebrile, intese coughing may cause petechiae on the face

Question 15

what is the pathopysiology of asthma?

Answer 15

areacterised by preversable airway narroing, hypersecrtion of mucous, airway odeam and mucosal pluggingchronic inflmatory conditon ch

Question 16

what are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer 16

expritory wheeze, non-productive cough, dysponea, chest tightness,

Question 17

what is gastroentinitis?

Answer 17

viral/bactrial infection that causes inflamation, damfe to villous boarder and reduced absorbing capacity leadinf to dehydration

Question 18

what are the symptoms of gastroentinitis?

Answer 18

low grade fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain

Question 19

what is the patho for apendicitis?

Answer 19

obstruction of the opening of the apppendix leading to stasis and bacterial overgrowth - inflamation - potential rupture and peritonitis

Question 20

what are the symptoms of apaendicitis?

Answer 20

in over umbilicus localising to lower right quadrant, pain at mcirnys point and rovsing sings- pain in right illiac fossa then pressing on left

Question 21

what is the patho of meningitis?

Answer 21

inflamation of the arachnoid matter, pia mater and CFS due to viral/bacterial infection.
Inflamation- increased cytokin relased increased blood brain permiability and cerebral vasodilation - reduced perfusion presure and sichmeai leading to rraised ICP and cerebral odema

Question 22

what are the symptoms of meningitis?

Answer 22

neck stiffness, photophobia, alter conciousness, nasea/vomiting, rigors, headache, non-blanching rash

Question 23

what is a febril convusion?

Answer 23

seizure associated with fever unrealated to other pathophysiology.

Question 24

what is autisim?

Answer 24

a spectrum of conditions that affect social and communication skills

Question 25

what is ADHD?

Answer 25

defined as the presence of hyperactvity, impulsivness and inattention beyond what is appropariate for the age

Question 26

what are the red flags for gastrointestinities?

Answer 26

presistent and frequent vomitting >6 hours
blood or bile in vomitus
episodes of unusal pallor
signs of dehydration - sevre mallase, reduced skin elasticity/reduced CRT

Question 27

what are the differential diagnosisis for gastrointestinitis?

Answer 27

sepsis - pnemonia, UATI
head injury - menigitis, rased ICP
abdominal condtions- surgical obstruction, apendicitis, testical torsion
endocrine/metabolic disorders - hetoacidosis, addisons disease
medications - antibiotics, laxatives, poisoning, envenomation

Question 28

what is the presentation and treatement of meaales?

Answer 28

high fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivities, rash - can causes convulsions and meningitis

treatment supportive and manage complications

Question 29

what is the presentation and treatment of chicken pox?

Answer 29

itchy fluid filled blisters that pread from the torse to the neck, face and limbs, vesicles may also appear on the eyes, mouth, scalp

Question 30

what are the complications of chicken pox?

Answer 30

dehydration, pnemonia, encepalitis and spesis

Question 31

what is the pathophysiology of a fever?

Answer 31

exogenous pyrogens (infection) leads to endogenous cytokins, activating the thermoregulatry centre in hypothalamus leading to fever

Question 32

what age group is mostly effected by febrile convulsions?

Answer 32

6 months to 6 years

Question 33

what is pyloric stenosis?

Answer 33

narrowing of the pyloris-outflow of the stomach leading to obstruction

Question 34

how does pyloric stenosis present?

Answer 34

projectile vomitting during or after feeding

Question 35

what is messenteric adenitis?

Answer 35

inflamation of the mesenteric lymph nodes usually secondary to infection

Question 36

how doe mesenteric adenities present?

Answer 36

high fever, RLQ abdo pain without peritonism

Question 37

what is intussuception?

Answer 37

telescoping of the bowel into a more proximal part - can result in infarction

Question 38

what is the presentation of intussuception?

Answer 38

normally from 3 months to 3 years
distressed with sevre bouts of pain, PR bleedinf, bilious vomitting

Question 39

what is the poisions hotline number?

Answer 39

13 11 26

Question 40

what are the child and environmental factors that can lead to behaviour issues in children?

Answer 40

child- inadequate sleep, nutrition, developmental delays
environmental- famil factors, low SES, trauma, harsh parenting or neglect, parental mental health problems

Question 41

what is the triad of symptoms for autisum spectrum disorders?

Answer 41

impared social interaction
delayed and disordered communication
ritualistic and steryotyped interests or behaviours

Question 42

what are the three major subtypes of eating disorders in children?

Answer 42

anorexia - fear of weight gain and overwhelming drive for thinness
balemia - binging and purging
eating disorders not otherwise specified

Question 43

what are the 5 main componments for identifying risk and protective factors in child mental health?

Answer 43

child
fmaily
school
life events
social