week 5 peadiatric trauma

Question 1

what is the definition of a non-accidental injury?

Answer 1

acts of physcial force by a childs parent/care giver that results or has the potential to result in physical harm to the child or evoke significant fear

Question 2

what are the different types of abuse?

Answer 2

neglect, physical, emotional, sexual

Question 3

what are some red flag skin/soft tissue injuries?

Answer 3

any bruises in babies under 5 months

abnormally large, multiple or clustered bruising

bruises in ten-4 faces areas

unexplanied mouth bleeding

Question 4

what are some red flag fracture injuries?

Answer 4

any in under 5 months

any in non- ambulant child

skull fractures other than single pariatl
rib fractures

multiple with varying age

any lng bone excrpt distal radius, mid clavicular, distal tibia

Question 5

what intercranial injries are red flags?

Answer 5

shaken baby
intercranial bleed
any other than proven high speed motor collision

Question 6

what types of burns are red flags?

Answer 6

unexplained
lower limbs/genitles
immersion scals
shapes of heated objects

Question 7

what other injuries are red flags?

Answer 7

immersion/near drowing
stragulation/sufforcation
posions/medication
female genital mutiltion

Question 8

what is a concusion?

Answer 8

minor head injury which temporarily altres brain function

Question 9

when should a TBI be considered in children?

Answer 9

suspicious MOI
loss conciousnss
multiple vomits
need airway mangment
extracranial injuries

Question 10

what might happen if there is a minor head injury?

Answer 10

no loss conciousness
up to one vomit
stable alert
scalp brusing/laceration
normal exam otherwise

Question 11

what might happen if there is a moderate head injury?

Answer 11

breif lOC
currently alert to voice
may be drowsy
two or more vomits
persistent headache
breif less 2 min seizure
otherwise exam normal

Question 12

what might happen if there is a major head injury?

Answer 12

decreased concious
neurological signs
increased ICP sins - pupils, brday cardia, hypertension, crushings triad
decordacte
CSF leaking nose/ears

Question 13

what are the risk factors for worsend head injuries in ppeads?

Answer 13

larger head surface area/body weight
immature brain
thinner skull
large volumes of blood loss quicker leds to hypovolemia

Question 14

why are fractures common in kids?

Answer 14

relativly low bone streght - bone more flexable and thicker periosteum creating different injury patters

Question 15

what are the salter harris 2 categories?

Answer 15

1 - seperation in physis no damage to metaphysis or epiphysis

2- farcture across metaphysis growth plate

3 - fracture enters phisis and epiphisis

4 fracture across growth plate from articular surface into metephysis

5 - compression of part or all of the growth plate

Question 16

what are the key elements of managing drowing>

Answer 16

oxygenation, preventing aspiration, and stabalising body tempreture

Question 17

what are the three zones in burns?

Answer 17

coagulation - irreversable tissue necrossis

stasis- ischemia which is potentioally reversable

hyperamea - reversable increased blood flow due to inflamatory resposne

Question 18

why are peads more suceptable to trauma?

Answer 18

anatomy closer together, less body mass, bony skelten still flexable, less muscle and fat, liver and spleen more anterior and less portecteed