Week 2 geriatic cognitive changes

Question 1

what is dementia?

Answer 1

charactersied by progressive impairment in brain function, accompined by memory loss, speech difficulties, cogntion, behviour and mobility issues

Question 2

what happens in the early stage of demntia?

Answer 2

memory loss
slower to grasp ideas
errors in judgment

Question 3

what happens in the mid stage of demntia?

Answer 3

difficulty with daily tasks
decline in language
behvaioural change

Question 4

what happens in the late stages of demntia?

Answer 4

increased care needed
communication impared
incontinence
swallowing difficulties

Question 5

what are the risk factors for dementia?

Answer 5

increaing age and family hisotry
previous head injury
female, lower education levels
genetic

Question 6

what is alzheimers disease?

Answer 6

most common
insidious onset and gradual process
memory is most affected. may also have decline in other function, language, and visospatial skills - some agitation or behvioural changes

Question 7

what is vascular dementia?

Answer 7

second most common
acute onset - step wise deteriration
clear evidence of cerebrovascular disease on brain

Question 8

what is mixed dementia?

Answer 8

mixed features of alzheimers and vascular demntia

Question 9

what is lewy bidy dementia?

Answer 9

progressive decline, visual hallucinations, parkonsins symptoms, alteratons in alertness and attention, fluctuing cognitive decline

Question 10

what is frontemporal demntia>

Answer 10

behavioural dishinibition and apathy, langauge abnormalities

Question 11

what are some other types of demntia?

Answer 11

huntingtons, alcohol related, progressive supranuclear palsy

Question 12

what is delirium?

Answer 12

state of mental confusion that develops quickly, usually fluctuates in intensoty

Question 13

what is the diagnostic criteria for delirium?

Answer 13

disturbance of conciouness, reduced ability to focus or shift attention
changes in cognition or development of perceptual disturbance
disturbance develops over a short time and fluctuates over the course of the day

Question 14

what are the causes of delirium?

Answer 14

metabolic- hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyponatrimua
incfections, dehydrations, acute blood loss, medications, drugs/intoxication, transfer to unfamiliar surroundingd, feacal impaction, urinary retention

Question 15

what is the prognosis for delerium?

Answer 15

40% persists at 2 weeks
33% at one month
up to 20% never recover
increased risk of death, prolonged admission and instituionalisation