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ADN005 Pediatrics > Week 6 Chapter 45 > Flashcards

Week 6 Chapter 45 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis in Children

A

Thinner blood vessels closer to the surface

Loses heat more readily through skin surface

Substances are more easily absorbed through the skin

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2
Q

Skin contains more water

A

Epidermis loosely bounds to the dermis

Friction more easily results in blistering or skin breakdown

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3
Q

Less pigmented means ?

A

Increased risk for UV damage

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4
Q

Reaches in adult thickness in

A

Late teen years

Darker skin more hypertrophic scarring and keloids

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5
Q

Causes of Integumentary Disorders

A

Exposure to infectious microorganisms
Hypersensitivity reactions
Hormonal Influences
Genetic predisposition
Injuries

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6
Q

Indicates infection or inflammatory process

A

CBC

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7
Q

Used to detect inflammation

A

ESDR

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8
Q

Reveals branching of fungus when viewed under the microscope

A

KOH Prep

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9
Q

Indicated for atopic dermatitis

A

IgE

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10
Q

Needle prick for testing for allergens

A

Patch Testing

Have emergency equipment available for anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Florescent yellow or green in presences for fungal infection

A

Wood Lamp

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12
Q

Common Lab and Diagnostic Tests

A

Blood Tests
Cultures
KOH Prep
Potassium Hydroxide
Patch testing
Wood Lamp
Skin Biopsy

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13
Q

Common Medical Treatments for Skin Issues

A

Wet Dressings
Occlusive Dressings
Emollient lotions and Therapeutic Bathing

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14
Q

Dressing moistened with lukewarm water

A

Wet Dressing

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15
Q

Used in the presence of itching, crusting, or oozing

A

Wet Dressing

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16
Q

Pat the child dry
Do not rub skin
Leave damp before applying medication, dressing, or moisturizing

A

True

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17
Q

Common Skin Medications

A

Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
Antifungals
Topical immune Modulators
Antihistamines
Isotretinoin
Coal Tar Preparation
Silver Sulfadiazine

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18
Q

Teach family finish the entire course

A

Antibiotics

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19
Q

Do not use in high potency on face or genitals

A

Corticosteroids

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20
Q

Bactericidal against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and yeasts

A

Silver Sulfadiazine

Cover with dressing and avoid if have sulfa allergy

Not for children under 2 months of age

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21
Q

Flat discolored area

A

Macule

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22
Q

Small raised bump

A

Papule

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23
Q

Ring around central clearing

A

Annular

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24
Q

Pustule filled bump

A

Vesicle

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25
Q

Dry flaky skin

A

plaques

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26
Q

Reddening of skin

A

Erythematous

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27
Q

Impetigo
Folliculitis
Cellulitis
MRSA
Staph scalded syndrome

A

Bacterial Infections

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28
Q

Tinea
Candida Albicans

A

Fungal

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29
Q

Viral Exanthems
Herpes Simplex

A

Viral

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30
Q

Caused by Staph A
Beta Hemolytic Streptococci

A

Impetigo

31
Q

Papules, vesicles, and pustules
Rapidly breakdown
Form golden adherent crusts
Located on face and extremities

A

Non bullous Impetigo

32
Q

Flaccid fluid filled bullae
Rupture
Leaves a thin brown crust
Located in trunk

A

Bullous Impetigo

33
Q

Punched out ulcers
Overlying crust
Raised violaceous borders

A

Ecthyma

34
Q

Tx of Impetigo

A

Topical mupirocin or retapamulin : Limited

Extensive: Systemic Antibiotics ( Dicloxacillin, cephalexin)

If MRSA: Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole

35
Q

Highly contagious infection and important to treat to avoid rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

A

Impetigo

36
Q

Sores burst into dry honey colored

A

Most contagious and most easily spread

37
Q

More serious form of impetigo that penetrates deeper into the skin causing painful sores into deep ulcers

A

Ecthyma

38
Q

Tx of impetigo

A

No school or daycare
Wash Hands
Separate clothes from other laundry
Wash in hot water
Short filed fingernails
Softly remove crust and debris

39
Q

Risk factors for CA- MRSA

A

Turf Burns
Towel Sharing
Participation in Team Sports
Attendance at day care or outdoor camps

40
Q

Very Contagious and lives on surface of skin

Circular rash, scaly, itchiness

A

Tinea

Prevent spread and no sharing personal items

41
Q

Medication for Tinea

A

Griseofulvin

Takes weeks to months and do not discontinue once itching stops best after high fat meal

42
Q

Presents differently; hypopigmented, oval, scaly lesions on upper body

A

Tinea Versicolor

Selenium Sulfide

1-2.5% or Selsun Blue OTC

43
Q

Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions

A

Diaper Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
Erythema Multiforme
Urticaria

44
Q

Chronic Hypersensitivity Disorder

A

Atopic Dermatitis

45
Q

Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disorders not from Hypersensitivity

A

Seborrhea
Psoriasis

46
Q

Change diapers frequently
Avoid rubber pants, harsh soaps, and baby wipes with fragrance or preservatives

A

Prevention and management of diaper dermatitis

47
Q

Once rash has occurred follow this:

A

Allow infant or child to go diaperless for a period of time each day to allow rash to heal

Blow dry the diaper area/ rash area with the dryer set on the warm setting for 3-5 minutes

48
Q

Antigenic substance exposure
Allergy to nickel or cobalt
Exposure to highly allergenic plants and sumac

A

Causes of contact dermatitis

Erythematous Papulovesicular Rash

49
Q

Complications of Contact Dermatitis

A

Secondarily Bacterial Skin Infection
Lithification or hyperpigmentation

50
Q

Develops when you have an allergic reaction

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Causes
Poison Ivy
Nickel
Food
Fragrances

51
Q

Develops when something irritates the skin over time

A

irritant contact dermatitis

Soaps, cleaners, water, oils, hair dyes

Common Symptoms
Burning, itchy skin, stinging, blisters

52
Q

Any substance capable of inducing a specific immune response

A

Antigenic

53
Q

Causes of Urticaria

A

Foods
Drugs
Animal Stings
Infections
Stress
Environmental Stimuli

54
Q

Nursing Assessment for Urticaria

A

Detailed history of:
New foods
Medications
Symptoms of recent infection
Changes in environment
Unusual Stress

Inspect skin and mucous membranes for raised red hives

Assess airway and breathing ( hypersensitivity may affect resp. status)

55
Q

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies

A

Atopy Family

Characterized by extreme itching
Dry, red, scaly rash with lithification and hypertrophy

56
Q

Triggers of Eczema

A

Foods
Environment
High and Low temperatures
Sweating, scratching, stress

57
Q

Nursing management of Atopic dermatitis

A

Promoting skin hydration, maintain skin integrity, prevent infection

58
Q

Education for Atopic Dermatitis

A

Trim nails, lukewarm, pat dry with towels, apply moisturizer after bathing, cotton clothing

59
Q

Affects 85% of adolescents

Sebaceous glands start producing oil combined with increased production of hormones

A

Acne

60
Q

Therapeutic Management of Acne

A

Cleanse the skin gently twice a day

Use benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, retinoids, and topical and oral antibiotics- tetracycline

Birth control for females

Isotrenoin for severe cases- Females need 2 forms of birth control

61
Q

Most common skin condition occurring in childhood.

A

Acne

62
Q

Comedones are noninflammatory lesions with 2 types

A

Open- Blackheads
Closed- White

Acne is severe then depression may occur

63
Q

Burns include

A

Superficial
Partial Thickness
Deep Partial Thickness
Deep Partial Thickness
Full Thickness

64
Q

Who is at highest risk for burns?

A

Younger children

3rd leading cause of death between ages 1-4 yrs

65
Q

Partial thickness greater than 10% of TBSA
Burns that involve face, hands, and feet, genetalia, or major joints
Full thickness of any size
Chemical or electrical burns
Inhalation Injury
Burn injury with preexisting conditions

A

Referral to Burn Center

66
Q

Painful
No edema
redness
Blanches with pressure

A

Superficial Burn

67
Q

Blistered Moist
Painful

A

Partial Thickness

68
Q

Dru
Discolored
No pain

A

Full Thickness

69
Q

Restoring and Maintaining Fluid Volume

A

Based on BSA
Use LR in 1st 24hrs in smaller add with dextrose
Most volume administered in first 8 hours
Administer colloid fluid later in therapy when capillary permeability less concern
Monitor childs urine output
Daily weights
Monitor electrolyte levels

70
Q

Nursing Interventions for children with extensive burns

A

Promoting oxygenation and ventilation
restoring and maintaining fluid volume
Prevent hypothermia
Cleansing the burn
Preventing the infection
Managing pain
Treating infected burns
Providing burn rehab

71
Q

Teaching Points in Avoiding Animal Bites

A

Never provoke a dog with teasing
Get adult permission before interacting with a dog
Do not bother an eating, sleeping, or nursing dog
Avoid high pitch or screaming around dogs
Display closed fist for dog to sniff
Keep ferrets away from face

72
Q

Infestation of the skin by sarcoptic scabies mite

Easily transmitted through skin to skin contact

causes generalized intractable pruritus usually worse at night

Mites burrow into epidermis and lay eggs

A

Scabies

73
Q

Therapeutic Management of Scabies

A

Permethrin 5% topical neck down and leave for 8 hours

All household members should be treated

Hot water laundry or dry cleaning

Items can not be washed should be placed in a bag

ADN005 Pediatrics (21 decks)

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