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ADN005 Pediatrics > Week 1 Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Week 1 Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Growth of Preschoolers

A

-Weight- Average increase of 5lb per year
-Stature- Average increase of 2.5-3 in per year
-Loses baby fat and gains muscle
Appears more upright and slender
Should continue to follow established growth curves

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2
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes Neuro

A

Spinal cord myelinated by age 3
-Allows for bowel and bladder control

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3
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes Resp

A

Alveoli increase in size and airway as well

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4
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes CV

A

HR decreases
BP slightly increases
Innocent heart murmur may be heard

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5
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes HEENT

A

Eustachian Tubes remain short and straight
- 20 Deciduous teeth present

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6
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes GU

A

Urethra short which may lead to UTIs

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7
Q

Preschooler Physiological Changes Musculoskeletal

A

Bones increase in length and muscles strengthen and mature

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8
Q

3 Years Gross Motor Development

A

Climbs well
Pedals Tri
Runs easily
Walks up and down stairs with alternate feet
Bends over easily without falling

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9
Q

4 years Gross Motor Development

A

Throws ball overhead
Kicks ball forward
Catches bounced ball
Hops on one foot
Stands on one foot for 5 seconds
Alternates feet going up and down steps
Moves backwards and forwards with agility

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10
Q

5 years Gross Motor Skills

A

Stands on one foot 10 seconds or longer
Swings and climbs well
May skip
Somersaults
May learn to skate and swim

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11
Q

3 Years Fine motor Skills

A

Undresses self
Copies circle
Builds 9-10 towers blocks
Holds pencil in writing position
Screws/ Unscrews lids, nuts, bolts
Turns book pages one at a time

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12
Q

4 years Fine motor Skills

A

Uses Scissors
Copies Capital Letters
Draws circles and squares
Traces cross or diamond
Draws a person with 2-4 body parts
Laces shoes

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13
Q

5 years Fine motor Skills

A

Prints some letters
Draws person with six body parts
Dresses/ undresses without assistance
Can learn to tie laces
Uses fork, spoon, and knife well
Copies triangle and other geometric shapes
Mostly cares for own toileting needs

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14
Q

Erikson Initiative vs Guilt

A

3-6 years
-Capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play
- Learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others, preschool children can master this task
- Initiative is a sense of ambition and responsibility ( parent allows child to explore and supports child choice)
- Children will develop self- confidence and feel a sense of purpose
- If they are unsuccessful by misfiring or over controlling parents, they may develop feelings of guilty.

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15
Q

Piaget

A

Preoperational Stage 2-7

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16
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Magical Thinking
- Believes thoughts are all powerful
Transduction
- Extrapolates from one situation to another
Animism
- Attributes life- like qualities to inanimate objects
- Toy animal can come to life
Imaginary Friend
- Creative way to sample activities/ behaviors and practice conversation skills

17
Q

Emotional and Social Development # 1

A

Friendships
- Preschoolers learn how to make and keep a friend

Social Skills:
- Cooperation
- Sharing
- Kindness
- Generosity
- Affection Display
- Conversation
- Expression of feelings
Helping others
- Making friends

18
Q

Emotional and Social Development

A

Temperament
- Influenced by parent’s expectation of child’s behavior
- Determines child’s task orientation, social flexibility, and reactivity

Fears
- Exhibit variety of fears
- Parents should acknowledge child’s fears

19
Q

Vivid Imaginations cause what?

A

Fear- scared of loud noises, imaginary monsters, strange people, the dark

20
Q

Communication Skills

A

4 years
- Speaks in complete sentences with adult like grammar
- Follows a 3 part command
- Names common objects and familiar animals
- Vocabulary of 1500 words

5 Years
- Can explain how to use something
- Talks about past, future, and imaginary events
- Answers questions that use “why” and “when”
- Vocabulary of 2100 words

21
Q

Growth and Development Promotion

A

Building Self esteem
Maintaining routine and rituals
Setting limits and remaining consistent with them
Early recognition of signs of developmental delay
- Supporting development of self care activities
- Developing social skills within both the family and the larger society

22
Q

Signs of Developmental Delay 4 Years

A

-Can’t jump
- Does not grasp crayon with thumb and fingers
- Can’t use words me and you appropriately
- Does not engage in fantasy play

23
Q

Signs of Developmental Delay 5 Years

A

-Has little interest in playing with other children
- Can’t build towers of 6-8 blocks
- Can’t use plurals or past tense
- Easily distracted, can’t concentrate on single activity for 5 minutes

24
Q

Potential Nursing Diagnoses Preschoolers

A

-Risk for Injury
- Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
- Risk for delayed development
- Risk for overweight
- Interrupted family processes
- Readiness for enhanced parenting
- Risk for caregiver role strain

25
Q

Daily Nutritional Requirements

A

700- 1000 mg calcium
7- 10 mg iron
19 mg Fiber
Fat intake no less than 10% and no more than 35% daily calories
- Saturated fats less 10 %
- Diet High in nutrient - rich foods
- Limited amounts of poor, high caloric foods
- Regular Meals with healthy snacks in between

26
Q

Preschooler Healthy Habits

A

Erratic Eaters

  • Smaller portions on smaller sized plates and bowls
    -Encourage child to self serve
  • Allow child to decide when to stop eating
  • Snacks should be high quality
  • Family mealtimes allow parents to model appropriate behaviors at meals and facilitate communication
27
Q

BMI at or above 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for age and sex

A

Overweight

28
Q

Obesity

A

Defined as BMI greater than the 95th percentile for age and sex

29
Q

Consequences of childhood obesity include :

A

HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Insulin Resistance

30
Q

Developmental Issues and Concerns

A

Sleep
Nightmares vs Night Terrors
Discipline
Lying
Sex Education
Touching Private Parts

ADN005 Pediatrics (21 decks)

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